p. 57, l. 37.  The Prince of Orange at this time was William II who married Mary, daughter of Charles I.

p. 59, l. 3.  Except for the date, which should be 17th of September, and the numbers on both sides which he exaggerates, the Cavalier’s account of the battle of Leipsic is fairly accurate.

p. 61, l. 39.  Cuirassiers were heavy cavalry wearing helmet and cuirass (two plates fastened together for the protection of the breast and back).

p. 65, l. 10. Crabats is an old form of Croats the name of the inhabitants of Croatia.

p. 66, l. 38. Rix dollar is the English form of Reichsthaler or imperial dollar.

p. 67, l. 6.  “Husband” is here used in the sense of “thrifty person.”

p. 69, l. 18.  A ducat was a gold coin generally worth about nine shillings.

p. 70, l. 29.  This passage describes the conquest of the string of ecclesiastical territories known as the “Priest’s Lane.”

p. 71, l. 23.  A partisan was a military weapon used by footmen in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, and not unlike the halberd in form.

p. 73, l. 10.  “Bastion” is the name given to certain projecting portions of a fortified building.

p. 78, l. 23.  The Palatinate (divided into Upper and Lower) was a Protestant state whose elector, the son-in-law of James I, had been driven out by the Emperor in 1620.

p. 79, l. 11. Reformado:  A military term borrowed from the Spanish, signifying an officer who, for some disgrace is deprived of his command but retains his rank.  Defoe uses it to describe an officer not having a regular command.

p. 81, l. 15.  Frederick, Elector Palatine, had been elected King by the Protestants of Bohemia in opposition to the Emperor Ferdinand.  It was his acceptance of this position which led to the confiscation of his Palatinate together with his new kingdom.

p. 81, l. 24.  James I had, after much hesitation, sent in 1625 an expedition to the aid of the Elector, but it had miscarried.  Charles I was too much occupied at home to prosecute an active foreign policy.

p. 81, l. 35.  The Elector died in the same year as Gustavus Adolphus.  His son Charles Lewis was restored to the Lower Palatinate only, which was confirmed to him at the end of the war in 1648.

p. 82, l. 3.  The battle of Nieuport, one of the great battles between Holland and Spain, was fought in 1600 near the Flemish town of that name.  Prince Maurice won a brilliant victory under very difficult conditions.

p. 82, l. 30.  A ravelin is an outwork of a fortified building.

p. 86, l. 16.  It was the attempt in 1607 to force Catholicism on the Protestants of the free city of Donauwoerth which led to the formation of the Protestant Union in 1608.

p. 87, l. 9.  The Duringer Wald.—­Thuringia Wald.

p. 97, l. 29.  Camisado (fr.  Latin Camisia=a shirt) is generally used to denote a night attack.