never yet surpassed.  It is a vast conception of impossible birth.  The Committee seem to have entirely overlooked the strength of the ‘powers on earth’ that would oppose the Africanization of more than half the Western Hemisphere.  We have no motive in noticing this gorgeous dream of ’the Committee’ except to show its fallacy—­its impracticability, in fact, its absurdity.  No sensible man, whatever his color, should be for a moment deceived by such impracticable theories.”  However, in spite of all opposition, the Emigration Convention met.  Upon Delany fell the real brunt of the work of the organization.  In 1855 Bishop James Theodore Holly was commissioned to Faustin Soulouque, Emperor of Hayti; and he received in his visit of a month much official attention with some inducement to emigrate.  Delany himself planned to go to Africa as the head of a “Niger Valley Exploring Party.”  Of the misrepresentation and difficulties that he encountered he himself has best told.  He did get to Africa, however, and he had some interesting and satisfactory interviews with representative chiefs.  The Civil War put an end to his project, he himself accepting a major’s commission from President Lincoln.  Through the influence of Holly about two thousand persons went to Hayti, but not more than a third of these remained.  A plan fostered by Whitfield for a colony in Central America came to naught when this leading spirit died in San Francisco on his way thither.[4]

[Footnote 1:  Official Report of the Niger Valley Exploring Party, by M.R.  Delany, Chief Commissioner to Africa, New York, 1861.]

[Footnote 2:  Delany, 8.]

[Footnote 3:  Fox:  The American Colonisation Society, 177; also note pp. 12, 120-2.]

[Footnote 4:  For the progress of all the plans offered to the convention note important letter written by Holly and given by Cromwell, 20-21.]

3. Sojourner Truth and Woman Suffrage

With its challenge to the moral consciousness it was but natural that anti-slavery should soon become allied with temperance, woman suffrage, and other reform movements that were beginning to appeal to the heart of America.  Especially were representative women quick to see that the arguments used for their cause were very largely identical with those used for the Negro.  When the woman suffrage movement was launched at Seneca Falls, N.Y., in 1848, Lucretia Mott, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, and their co-workers issued a Declaration of Sentiments which like many similar documents copied the phrasing of the Declaration of Independence.  This said in part:  “The history of mankind is a history of repeated injuries and usurpations on the part of man towards woman, having in direct object the establishment of an absolute tyranny over her....  He has never permitted her to exercise her inalienable right to the elective franchise....  He has made her, if married, in the eye of the law civilly dead....  He has denied her the facilities