2. The forms of discourse are—
a. Description.
b. Narration.
c. Exposition.
d. Argument
(Persuasion).
3. Discourse presupposes an audience, and we
must select a subject and use
language adapted to that audience.
4. The suitableness of a subject is determined—
a. By the
writer’s knowledge of the subject.
(1)
This may be based on experience, or
(2)
It may be gained from others through conversation and
reading.
b. By the
writer’s interest in the subject.
(1)
This may exist from the first, or
(2)
It may be aroused by our search for information.
c. By adaptability
of the subject to the reader. It should be of
present,
vital interest to him.
5. Subjects.
a. The
sources of subjects are unlimited.
b. Subjects
should be definite. They often need to be narrowed
in
order
to be made definite.
c. The
title should be brief and should be worded so as to
arouse
a
desire to hear the theme.
6. Exposition is explanation.
7. We may make clear the meaning of a term—
a. By using
synonyms.
b. By using
simpler words.
c. By supplementing
our definitions with examples or comparisons.
8. General description includes the characteristics
common to all members
of a class of objects.
9. General narration is one form of exposition.
It relates the things that
characterize a process
or action whenever it occurs.
10. Argument.
a. Explanation is the
first step in argument.
b. A statement of advantages
and disadvantages may assist us to
determine
which side of a question we believe.
c. Specific instances
may be used either for explanation or
argument.
11. Debate.
a. The subject of the
debate may be stated in the form of a
resolution,
a declarative sentence, or a question.
b. The most important
arguments should be given the first and last
positions.
c. A brief will assist
us in arranging our arguments in the most
effective
order.
d. The refutation of
opposing arguments should usually be placed
just
before our own last and strongest argument.
e. Cautions in debating.
(1)
Be fair.
(2)
Be honest with yourself.
(3)
Do not allow your desire for victory to overcome your
desire
for truth.
(4)
Remember that mere statement is not argument.
(5)
Remember that exhortation is not argument.