arms and thighs, before the king.  A person should speak and spit before the king only mildly.  In the presence of even laughable objects, a man should not break out into loud laughter, like a maniac; nor should one show (unreasonable) gravity by containing himself, to the utmost.  One should smile modestly, to show his interest (in what is before him).  He that is ever mindful of the king’s welfare, and is neither exhilarated by reward nor depressed by disgrace, is alone worthy of dwelling in a royal household.  That learned courtier who always pleaseth the king and his son with agreeable speeches, succeedeth in dwelling in a royal household as a favourite.  The favourite courtier who, having lost the royal favour for just reason, does not speak evil of the king, regains prosperity.  The man who serveth the king or liveth in his domains, if sagacious, should speak in praise of the king, both in his presence and absence.  The courtier who attempts to obtain his end by employing force on the king, cannot keep his place long and incurs also the risk of death.  None should, for the purpose of self-interest, open communications with the king’s enemies.[8] Nor should one distinguish himself above the king in matters requiring ability and talents.  He that is always cheerful and strong, brave and truthful and mild, and of subdued senses, and who followeth his master like his shadow, is alone worthy to dwell in a royal household.  He that on being entrusted with a work, cometh forward, saying,—­I will do this—­is alone worthy of living in a royal household.  He that on being entrusted with a task, either within the king’s dominion or out of it, never feareth to undertake it, is alone fit to reside in a royal household.  He that living away from his home, doth no remember his dear ones, and who undergoeth (present) misery in expectation of (future) happiness, is alone worthy of dwelling in a royal household.  One should not dress like the king, nor should one indulge in laughter in the king’s presence nor should one disclose royal secrets.  By acting thus one may win royal favour.  Commissioned to a task, one should not touch bribes for by such appropriation one becometh liable to fetters or death.  The robes, ornaments, cars, and other things which the king may be pleased to bestow should always be used, for by this, one winneth the royal favour.  Ye children, controlling your minds, do ye spend this year, ye sons of Pandu, behaving in this way.  Regaining your own kingdom, ye may live as ye please.’

    [6] Some of the Bengal text and Sarvatramaya for
    Sarvamantramaya.  The former is evidently incorrect.