the composition of which had engaged his attention for five or six years.  The latter work, which proved to be his most popular, was refused by three publishers, and when eventually it was accepted by Hayn of Berlin, the author only received ten free copies of his work as payment.  It is from this book that all except one of the following essays have been selected; the exception is “The Metaphysics of Love,” which appears in the supplement of the third book of his principal work.  The second edition of Die Welt als Wille und Vorstellung appeared in 1844, and was received with growing appreciation.  Hitherto he had been chiefly known in Frankfort as the son of the celebrated Johanna Schopenhauer; now he came to have a following which, if at first small in numbers, were sufficiently enthusiastic, and proved, indeed, so far as his reputation was concerned, helpful.  Artists painted his portrait; a bust of him was made by Elizabeth Ney.  In the April number of the Westminster Review for 1853 John Oxenford, in an article entitled “Iconoclasm in German Philosophy,” heralded in England his recognition as a writer and thinker; three years later Saint-Rene Taillandier, in the Revue des Deux Mondes, did a similar service for him in France.  One of his most enthusiastic admirers was Richard Wagner, who in 1854 sent him a copy of his Der Ring der Nibelungen, with the inscription “In admiration and gratitude.”  The Philosophical Faculty of the University of Leipzic offered a prize for an exposition and criticism of his philosophical system.  Two Frenchmen, M. Foucher de Careil and M. Challemel Lacour, who visited Schopenhauer during his last days, have given an account of their impressions of the interview, the latter in an article entitled, “Un Bouddhiste Contemporain en Allemagne,” which appeared in the Revue des Deux Mondes for March 15th, 1870.  M. Foucher de Careil gives a charming picture of him:—­

“Quand je le vis, pour la premiere fois, en 1859, a la table de l’hotel d’Angleterre, a Francfort, c’etait deja un vieillard, a l’oeil d’un bleu vif et limpide, a la levre mince et legerement sarcastique, autour de laquelle errait un fin sourire, et dont le vaste front, estompe de deux touffes de cheveux blancs sur les cotes, relevait d’un cachet de noblesse et de distinction la physionomie petillante d’esprit et de malice.  Les habits, son jabot de dentelle, sa cravate blanche rappelaient un vieillard de la fin du regne de Louis XV; ses manieres etaient celles d’un homme de bonne compagnie.  Habituellement reserve et d’un naturel craintif jusqu’a la mefiance, il ne se livrait qu’avec ses intimes ou les etrangers de passage a Francfort.  Ses mouvements etaient vifs et devenaient d’une petulance extraordinaire dans la conversation; il fuyait les discussions et les vains combats de paroles, mais c’etait pour mieux jouir du charme d’une causerie intime.  Il possedait et parlait avec une egale perfection quatre langues: