the same ways of life; so that they readily assimilated with them, as they could not assimilate with the French and Spanish creoles.  Canada lay north, and the tendency of the backwoodsman was to thrust west; among the Southern backwoodsmen, the tendency was south and southwest.  The Mississippi formed no natural barrier whatever.  Boone, when he moved into Missouri, was but a forerunner among the pioneers; many others followed him.  He himself became an official under the Spanish Government, and received a grant of lands.  Of the other frontiersmen who went into the Spanish territory, some, like Boone, continued to live as hunters and backwoods farmers. [Footnote:  American State Papers, Public Lands, II., pp. 10, 872.] Others settled in St. Louis, or some other of the little creole towns, and joined the parties of French traders who ascended the Missouri and the Mississippi to barter paint, beads, powder, and blankets for the furs of the Indians.

    Uneasiness of the Spaniards. 
    Their Religious Intolerance.

The Spanish authorities were greatly alarmed at the incoming of the American settlers.  Gayoso de Lemos had succeeded Carondelet as Governor, and he issued to the commandants of the different posts throughout the colonies a series of orders in reference to the terms on which land grants were to be given to immigrants; he particularly emphasized the fact that liberty of conscience was not to be extended beyond the first generation, and that the children of the immigrant would either have to become Catholics or else be expelled, and that this should be explained to settlers who did not profess the Catholic faith.  He ordered, moreover, that no preacher of any religion but the Catholic should be allowed to come into the provinces. [Footnote:  Gayarre, III., p. 387.] The Bishop of Louisiana complained bitterly of the American immigration and of the measure of religious toleration accorded the settlers, which, he said, had introduced into the colony a gang of adventurers who acknowledged no religion.  He stated that the Americans had scattered themselves over the country almost as far as Texas and corrupted the Indians and Creoles by the example of their own restless and ambitious temper; for they came from among people who were in the habit of saying to their stalwart boys, “You will go to Mexico.”  Already the frontiersmen had penetrated even into New Mexico from the district round the mouth of the Missouri, in which they had become very numerous; and the Bishop earnestly advised that the places where the Americans were allowed to settle should be rigidly restricted. [Footnote:  Do., p. 408.]

    A Conflict inevitable.