69, etc.] The Presbyterian church remained the most prominent as regards the wealth and social standing of its adherents, but the typical frontiersman who professed religion at all became either a Methodist or a Baptist, adopting a creed which was intensely democratic and individualistic, which made nothing of social distinctions, which distrusted educated preachers, and worked under a republican form of ecclesiastical government.

    Camp Meetings.

The great revival was accompanied by scenes of intense excitement.  Under the conditions of a vast wooded wilderness and a scanty population the camp-meeting was evolved as the typical religious festival.  To the great camp-meetings the frontiersmen flocked from far and near, on foot, on horseback, and in wagons.  Every morning at daylight the multitude was summoned to prayer by sound of trumpet.  No preacher or exhorter was suffered to speak unless he had the power of stirring the souls of his hearers.  The preaching, the praying, and the singing went on without intermission, and under the tremendous emotional stress whole communities became fervent professors of religion.  Many of the scenes at these camp-meetings were very distasteful to men whose religion was not emotional and who shrank from the fury of excitement into which the great masses were thrown, for under the strain many individuals literally became like men possessed, whether of good or of evil spirits, falling into ecstasies of joy or agony, dancing, shouting, jumping, fainting, while there were widespread and curious manifestations of a hysterical character, both among the believers and among the scoffers; but though this might seem distasteful to an observer of education and self-restraint, it thrilled the heart of the rude and simple backwoodsman and reached him as he could not possibly have been reached in any other manner.  Often the preachers of the different denominations worked in hearty unison; but often they were sundered by bitter jealousy and distrust.  The fiery zeal of the Methodists made them the leaders; and in their war on the forces of evil they at times showed a tendency to include all non-methodists—­whether Baptists, Lutherans, Catholics, or infidels—­in a common damnation.  Of course, as always in such a movement, many even of the earnest leaders at times confounded the essential and the non-essential, and railed as bitterly against dancing as against drunkenness and lewdness, or anathematized the wearing of jewelry as fiercely as the commission of crime. [Footnote:  Autobiography of Peter Cartwright, the Backwoods Preacher.] More than one hearty, rugged old preacher, who did stalwart service for decency and morality, hated Calvinism as heartily as Catholicism, and yet yielded to no Puritan in his austere condemnation of amusement and luxury.

  Good Accomplished. 
  Trials of the Frontier Preachers.