Features of Western Life. 
    The Farmer the Typical Westerner.

North and South alike, the ways of life were substantially the same; though there were differences, of course, and these differences tended to become accentuated.  Thus, in the Mississippi Territory the planters, in the closing years of the century, began to turn their attention to cotton instead of devoting themselves to the crops of their brethren farther north; and cotton soon became their staple product.  But as yet the typical settler everywhere was the man of the axe and rifle, the small pioneer farmer who lived by himself, with his wife and his swarming children, on a big tract of wooded land, perhaps three or four hundred acres in extent.  Of this three or four hundred acres he rarely cleared more than eight or ten; and these were cleared imperfectly.  On this clearing he tilled the soil, and there he lived in his rough log house with but one room, or at most two and a loft. [Footnote:  F. A. Michaux, “Voyages” (in 1802), pp. 132, 214, etc.]

    Game Still Abundant.

The man of the Western waters, was essentially a man who dwelt alone in the midst of the forest on his rude little farm, and who eked out his living by hunting.  Game still abounded everywhere, save in the immediate neighborhood of the towns; so that many of the inhabitants lived almost exclusively by hunting and fishing, and, with their return to the pursuits of savagery, adopted not a little of the savage idleness and thriftlessness.  Bear, deer, and turkey were staple foods.  Elk had ceased to be common, though they hung on here and there in out of the way localities for many years; and by the close of the century the herds of bison had been driven west of the Mississippi. [Footnote:  Henry Ker, “Travels,” p.22.] Smaller forms of wild life swarmed.  Gray squirrels existed in such incredible numbers that they caused very serious damage to the crops, and at one time the Kentucky Legislature passed a law imposing upon every male over sixteen years of age the duty of killing a certain number of squirrels and crows every year. [Footnote:  Michaux, 215, 236; Collins, I., 24.] The settlers possessed horses and horned cattle, but only a few sheep, which were not fitted to fight for their own existence in the woods, as the stock had to.  On the other hand, slab-sided, long-legged hogs were the most plentiful of domestic animals, ranging in great, half-wild droves through the forest.

    Fondness of the Westerners for the Lonely Life of the Woods.

All observers were struck by the intense fondness of the frontiersmen for the woods and for a restless, lonely life. [Footnote:  Crevecoeur, “Voyage dans la Haute Pennsylvanie,” etc., p. 265.] They pushed independence to an extreme; they did not wish to work for others or to rent land from others.  Each was himself a small landed proprietor, who cleared only the ground that he could himself cultivate.