The gourd Lagenaria vulgaris.] a yojana thence is the end of the world.  The perfected souls penetrate the sixth part of the uppermost kro[’s]a of the (above-mentioned) yojana.  There, at the top of the world reside the blessed perfected souls, rid of all transmigration, and arrived at the excellent state of perfection.  The dimension of a perfected soul is two-thirds of the height which the individual had in his last existence.

“The perfected souls considered singly—­egatte[n.]a (as individuals)—­have a beginning but no end, considered collectively—­puhutte[n.]a (as a class)—­they have neither a beginning nor an end.  They have no (visible) form, they consist of life throughout, they are developed into knowledge and faith, they have crossed the boundary of the Sa[.m]sara, and reached the excellent state of perfection.”

* * * * *

Like both the Brahma[n.]s and Buddhists, the Jainas have a series of hells—­Narakas, numbering even which they name—­

1.  Ratnaprabha; 2. [’S]arkaraprabha; 3.  Valukaprabha; 4.  Pa[.n]kaprabha; 5.  Dhumaprabha; 6.  Tamaprabha; 7.  Tamatamaprabha.

[Footnote:  Ratnasagara, bh.  II, p. 607; Jour.  As. u.s. p. 263.]

Those who inhabit the seventh hell have a stature of 500 poles, and in each above that they are half the height of the one below it.

Everything in the system as to stature of gods and living beings, their ages and periods of transmigration is reduced to artificial numbers.

The Jaina Gachhas.

About the middle of the tenth century there flourished a Jaina high priest named Uddyotana, with whose pupils the eighty four gachhas originated.  This number is still spoken of by the Jainas, but the lists that have been hitherto published are very discordant.  The following was obtained from a member of the sect as being their recognised list,—­and allowing for differences of spelling, nearly every name may be recognised in those previously published by Mr. H. G. Briggs or Colonel Miles.

The Eighty four Gachchhas of the Jainas. [Footnote:  Those names marked [A] are found in Col.  Miles’s list Tr.  R. A. S. vol.  III, pp. 358 f. 363, 365, 370.  Those marked [B] are included in H. G. Brigg’s list,—­Cities of Gujarashtra, p. 339.]

1. ? [A][B]                    43.  Sopariya[A][B]
2.  Osvala[A][B]                44.  Ma[n.][d.]aliya[A][B]
3.  A[.n]chala[A]               45.  Kochhipana[A][B]
4.  Jiravala[A][B]              46.  Jaga[.m]na[A][B]
5.  Kha[d.]atara or Kharatara   47.  Laparavala[A][B]
6.  Lonka or Richmati[A][B]     48.  Vosara[d.]a[A][B]
7.  Tapa[A][B]                  49.  Dueiva[.n]daniya[A][B]
8.  Ga[.m]ge[’s]vara[A][B]      50.  Chitravala[A][B]
9.  Kora[n.][t.]avala[B]        51.  Vega[d.]a
10.  Anandapura[B]               52.  Vapa[d.]a
11.  Bharavali                   53.  Vijahara, Vijhara[A][B]