or canvas can be attached, which should, however, only be used so long as the cold weather lasts.  To ensure good fruit, thin the same out to 6 in. apart as soon as it attains the size of a small pea, and when the stoning period is passed remove every alternate one, so that they will be 1 ft. apart.  After gathering the fruit, remove any exhausted and weak wood, leaving all that is of the thickness of a black-lead pencil.  To keep the foliage clean, syringe once a day with water; this may be continued until the fruit is nearly ripe.  The following may be recommended for outdoor cultivation:—­Hale’s Early, Dagmar, and Waterloo for fruiting in July or August; Crimson Galande, Dymond, and the well-known Bellegarde for succession in September; and Golden Eagle for a late sort.  When planted in quantities, Peaches should stand 20 ft. apart.

When grown under glass a day temperature of 50 degrees, falling to 45 degrees at night, is sufficient to start with, gradually increasing it so that 65 degrees by day and 55 by night is reached at the period of blossoming.  Syringe the leaves daily until the flowers are produced, then discontinue it, merely keeping the walls near the pipes and the paths damp.  As soon as the fruit is set the syringing should recommence.  Water of the same temperature as that of the house should in all cases be used.  When the fruit begins to ripen, cease once more the syringing until it is gathered, then admit air freely, wash the trees daily, and apply liquid manure to the roots in sufficient quantities to keep the soil moist during the time the trees are at rest.  Rivers’s Early, Pitmaston Orange, Dagmar, and Royal George are all good under glass.

Pears.—­Wherever Apples are a success Pears will grow.  As a rule, they are best grown dwarf.  On light soils they should be grafted on to Pear stocks, but on heavy soils they are best worked on the Quince.  The fruiting of young trees may be accelerated by lifting them when about five years old, spreading out the roots 1 ft. below the surface of the soil, and mulching the ground.  The mulching should be raked off in the spring, the ground lightly stirred with a fork and left to sweeten, and another mulching applied when the weather becomes hot and dry.  In pruning, leave the leading branches untouched, but let all cross shoots be removed, and the young wood be cut away in sufficient quantity to produce a well-balanced tree, and so equalise the flow of sap.  Some of the pruning may be done in summer, but directly the leaves fall is the time to perform the main work.  A good syringing once a week with the garden hose will keep the trees vigorous and free from insects.  Should scab make its appearance on the leaves, spray them occasionally with Bordeaux Mixture, using the minimum strength at first, and a stronger application afterwards if necessary.  There are over 500 varieties of Pears, so it is no easy matter to give a selection to suit all tastes, but a few may be named as most