On the ride home we saw a buck of the small species of bush deer, not half the size of the kind I had already shot.  It was only a patch of red in the bush, a good distance off, but I was lucky enough to hit it.  In spite of its small size it was a full-grown male, of a species we had not yet obtained.  The antlers had recently been shed, and the new antler growth had just begun.  A great jabiru stork let us ride by him a hundred and fifty yards off without thinking it worth while to take flight.  This day we saw many of the beautiful violet orchids; and in the swamps were multitudes of flowers, red, yellow, lilac, of which I did not know the names.

I alluded above to the queer custom these people in the interior of Brazil have of gelding their hunting-dogs.  This absurd habit is doubtless the chief reason why there are so few hounds worth their salt in the more serious kinds of hunting, where the quarry is the jaguar or big peccary.  Thus far we had seen but one dog as good as the ordinary cougar hound or bear hound in such packs as those with which I had hunted in the Rockies and in the cane-brakes of the lower Mississippi.  It can hardly be otherwise when every dog that shows himself worth anything is promptly put out of the category of breeders—­the theory apparently being that the dog will then last longer.  All the breeding is from worthless dogs, and no dog of proved worth leaves descendants.

The country along this river is a fine natural cattle country, and some day it will surely see a great development.  It was opened to development by Colonel Rondon only five or six years ago.  Already an occasional cattle ranch is to be found along the banks.  When railroads are built into these interior portions of Matto Grosso the whole region will grow and thrive amazingly—­and so will the railroads.  The growth will not be merely material.  An immense amount will be done in education; using the word education in its broadest and most accurate sense, as applying to both mind and spirit, to both the child and the man.  Colonel Rondon is not merely an explorer.  He has been and is now a leader in the movement for the vital betterment of his people, the people of Matto Grosso.  The poorer people of the back country everywhere suffer because of the harsh and improper laws of debt.  In practice these laws have resulted in establishing a system of peonage, such as has grown up here and there in our own nation.  A radical change is needed in this matter; and the colonel is fighting for the change.  In school matters the colonel has precisely the ideas of our wisest and most advanced men and women in the United States.  Cherrie—­ who is not only an exceedingly efficient naturalist and explorer in the tropics, but is also a thoroughly good citizen at home—­is the chairman of the school board of the town of Newfane, in Vermont.  He and the colonel, and Kermit and I, talked over school matters at length, and were in hearty accord as to the vital educational needs