army, with its munitions, supplies, and commander, was concentrated on Black’s Fork.  Colonel Alexander had arrived at the place of rendezvous some days previously, being no nearer Salt Lake City November 3d than he had been a month before.  The country was covered with snow, winter having fairly set in among the mountains, the last pound of forage was exhausted, and the cattle and mules were little more than animated skeletons.

Colonel Johnston had already determined, while in the South Pass, that it would be impracticable to cross the Wahsatch range until spring, and shaped his arrangements accordingly.  He resolved to establish winter-quarters in the vicinity of Fort Bridger, and on the 6th of November the advance towards that post commenced.  The day was memorable in the history of the expedition.  Sleet poured down upon the column from morning till night.  On the previous evening, five hundred cattle had been stampeded by the Mormons, in consequence of which some trains were unable to move at all.  After struggling along till nightfall, the regiments camped wherever they could find shelter under bluffs or among willows.  That night more than five hundred animals perished from hunger and cold, and the next morning the camp was encircled by their carcasses, coated with a film of ice.  It was a scene which could be paralleled only in the retreat of the French from Moscow.  Had there been any doubt before concerning the practicability of an immediate advance beyond Fort Bridger, none existed any longer.  It was the 16th of November when the vanguard reached that post, which the Mormons had abandoned the week before.  Nearly a fortnight had been consumed in accomplishing less than thirty miles.

It is time to return to the States and record what had been transpiring there, in connection with the expedition, while the army was staggering towards its permanent winter-camp.  The only one of the newly-appointed civil officials who was present with the troops was Judge Eckels, who had left his home in Indiana immediately after receiving his appointment, and started across the Plains with his own conveyance.  Near Fort Laramie he was overtaken by Colonel Smith, whom he accompanied in his progress to the main body.  Governor Cumming, in the mean while, dilly-dallied in the East, travelling from St. Louis to Washington and back again, begging for an increase of salary, for a sum of money to be placed at his disposal for secret service, and for transportation to the Territory,—­all which requests, except the last, were denied.  Towards the close of September, he arrived at Fort Leavenworth.  Governor Walker had, by this time, released his hold on the dragoons, and, notwithstanding the advanced period of the season, they were preparing to march to Utah.  The Governor and most of the other civil officers delayed until they started, and travelled in their company.  The march was attended with the severest hardships.  When they reached the Rocky Mountains, the snow lay from one to three