Scientific American Supplement, No. 598, June 18, 1887 eBook

This eBook from the Gutenberg Project consists of approximately 123 pages of information about Scientific American Supplement, No. 598, June 18, 1887.

Scientific American Supplement, No. 598, June 18, 1887 eBook

This eBook from the Gutenberg Project consists of approximately 123 pages of information about Scientific American Supplement, No. 598, June 18, 1887.

Within the past few years a revolution has taken place in the moving of sewing machines.  Domestic machines will probably always be driven by foot power, spring, electric, and water motors notwithstanding.  But the age of treadles in the great manufacturing trades is a thing of the past.  It was not necessary for Parliament to step in and protect the workers, as was frequently suggested by alarmists.  The commercial interests of manufacturers themselves were at stake.  Machines driven by power could do 25 per cent. more work than those moved by foot.  The operators, relieved of the treadling, maintained a much better working condition; and altogether the introduction of power driving, once well tested, became a necessity.  Power sewing machinery was speedily devised and introduced by several of the first manufacturers, controllers of the speed of the machines followed, and two or three splendid systems of stitching by steam power were soon widely known.

By the kindness of three of the best manufacturers of power sewing machinery, I am enabled to show to you, this evening, the best known systems, arranged just as they are fitted in many large factories, as also a sketch of the arrangements of Wheeler & Wilson’s system.  We have in the first place a light shafting carrying a band wheel opposite to each machine.  By the use of a powerful electromotor, the shafting is caused to rotate at the rate of 400 revolutions per minute by electricity.  The current is generated by the Society’s dynamo machine, and is conveyed here by copper cable.  I do not know of any instance of sewing machinery in a factory being driven by an electromotor, but such means of conveying motive power appears admirably adapted for that purpose, when the stitching room happens to be far removed from the main shafting or engine.  But with regard to motors for sewing machines, when special power has to be fitted down for that purpose, my own experience leads me to speak in favor of the admirably governed “Otto” gas engines made by Crossley Bros.  These are especially steady, a feature of no small moment in moving stitching machinery of various kinds.

Much attention has been devoted to the invention of controllers of the motive power supplied to sewing machines.  The principle of the friction disk has found most favor.  In many cases two of these plates, fast and loose, are placed upon the main shaft, and their separation and contact controlled by the treadle.  The great sensitiveness of the friction attachment employed by the Singer company is due chiefly to the transference of the friction plates to the axis of the machine itself (Fig. 13).  Their contact and separation are controlled by a lever worked by a very slight movement of the treadle.  But the chief point of interest in this device lies in the combination with the lever of a brake, enabling the operator, by a simple reversal of the treadle’s motion, to instantly suspend the rotation of the machine.  The forked lever, in fact, acts simultaneously in throwing off the motion and applying the brake.  The speed is always in direct proportion to the pressure exerted upon the treadle, and a single stitch can be made at will.  Fig. 14 shows the friction wheel separated, the portion a being fast, and e loose.

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Scientific American Supplement, No. 598, June 18, 1887 from Project Gutenberg. Public domain.