They are usually named as follows:  Present, Perfect, Imperfect, Pluperfect, Future, Second Future.”—­N.  Butler’s Gram, 1845, p. 69. (5.) “We have six tenses;—­the present, the past, the future, the present perfect, the past perfect, and the future perfect.”—­Wells’s School Gram., 1846. p. 82. (6.) “The tenses in English are six—­the Present, the Present-perfect, the Past, the Past-perfect, the Future, and the Future-perfect.”—­Bullions’s Gram., 1849. p. 71. (7.) “Verbs have Six Tenses, called the Present, the Perfect-Present, the Past, the Perfect-Past, the Future, and the Perfect-Future.”—­Spencer’s Gram., 1852, p. 53. (8.) “There are six tenses:  the present, past, future, present perfect, past perfect, and future perfect.”—­Covell’s Gram., 1853, p. 62. (9.) “The tenses are—­the present, the present perfect; the past, the past perfect; the future, the future perfect.”—­S.  S. Greene’s Gram., 1853, p. 65. (10.) “There are six tenses; one present, and but one, three past, and two future.”  They are named thus:  “The Present, the First Past, the Second Past, the Third Past, the First Future, the Second Future.”—­“For the sake of symmetry, to call two of them present, and two only past, while one only is present, and three are past tenses, is to sacrifice truth to beauty.”—­Pinneo’s Gram., 1853, pp. 69 and 70.  “The old names, imperfect, perfect, and pluperfect,” which, in 1845, Butler justly admitted to be the usual names of the three past tenses.  Dr. Pinneo, who dates his copy-right from 1850, most unwarrantably declares to be “now generally discarded!”—­Analytical Gram., p. 76; Same Revised, p. 81.  These terms, still predominant in use, he strangely supposes to have been suddenly superseded by others which are no better, if so good:  imagining that the scheme which Perley or Hiley introduced, of “two present, two past, and two future tenses,”—­a scheme which, he says, “has no foundation in truth, and is therefore to be rejected,”—­had prepared the way for the above-cited innovation of his own, which merely presents the old ideas under new terms, or terms partly new, and wholly unlikely to prevail.  William Ward, one of the ablest of our old grammarians, rejecting in 1765 the two terms imperfect and perfect, adopted others which resemble Pinneo’s; but few, if any, have since named the tenses as he did, thus:  “The Present, the First Preterite, the Second Preterite, the Pluperfect, the First Future, the Second Future.”—­Ward’s Gram., p. 47.

[234] “The infinitive mood, as ‘to shine,’ may be called the name of the verb; it carries neither time nor affirmation; but simply expresses that attribute, action, or state of things, which is to be the subject of the other moods and tenses.”—­Blair’s Lectures, p. 81.  By the word “subject” the Doctor does not here mean the nominative to the other moods and tenses, but the material of them, or that which is formed into them.