A Republican is not a man who wants a Constitution with a President.  A Republican is a man who prefers to think of Government as impersonal; he is opposed to the Royalist, who prefers to think of Government as personal.  Take the second word, “generally.”  This is always used as meaning “in the majority of cases.”  But, again, if we look at the shape and spelling of the word, we shall see that “generally” means something more like “generically,” and is akin to such words as “generation” or “regenerate.”  “Pigs are generally dirty” does not mean that pigs are, in the majority of cases, dirty, but that pigs as a race or genus are dirty, that pigs as pigs are dirty—­an important philosophical distinction.  Take the third word, “encourage.”  The word “encourage” is used in such modern sentences in the merely automatic sense of promote; to encourage poetry means merely to advance or assist poetry.  But to encourage poetry means properly to put courage into poetry—­a fine idea.  Take the fourth word, “holidays.”  As long as that word remains, it will always answer the ignorant slander which asserts that religion was opposed to human cheerfulness; that word will always assert that when a day is holy it should also be happy.  Properly spelt, these words all tell a sublime story, like Westminster Abbey.  Phonetically spelt, they might lose the last traces of any such story.  “Generally” is an exalted metaphysical term; “jenrally” is not.  If you “encourage” a man, you pour into him the chivalry of a hundred princes; this does not happen if you merely “inkurrij” him.  “Republics,” if spelt phonetically, might actually forget to be public.  “Holidays,” if spelt phonetically, might actually forget to be holy.

Here is a case that has just occurred.  A certain magistrate told somebody whom he was examining in court that he or she “should always be polite to the police.”  I do not know whether the magistrate noticed the circumstance, but the word “polite” and the word “police” have the same origin and meaning.  Politeness means the atmosphere and ritual of the city, the symbol of human civilisation.  The policeman means the representative and guardian of the city, the symbol of human civilisation.  Yet it may be doubted whether the two ideas are commonly connected in the mind.  It is probable that we often hear of politeness without thinking of a policeman; it is even possible that our eyes often alight upon a policeman without our thoughts instantly flying to the subject of politeness.  Yet the idea of the sacred city is not only the link of them both, it is the only serious justification and the only serious corrective of them both.  If politeness means too often a mere frippery, it is because it has not enough to do with serious patriotism and public dignity; if policemen are coarse or casual, it is because they are not sufficiently convinced that they are the servants of the beautiful city and the agents of sweetness and light.  Politeness is not really a frippery.  Politeness is not really