NAVARINO AND THE ISLAND OF SPHAGIA.

[Illustration:  Navarino and the island of Sphagia.]

As our victories, though managed by the hand, are achieved by the head, we feel little disposed to meddle with what Burke calls “the mystery of murder,” or “the present perfection of gunnery, cannoneering, bombarding, and mining;” and inveterate as may be the weapon of the goose-quill, we trust our readers will not suspect us of any other policy than that of pleasing them, the ne plus ultra of all public servants.  As our title implies, we are bound to present or reflect in our pages certain illustrations of popular topics, veluti in speculum; accordingly, we hope the accompanying View and Plan of the Bay of Navarino will be received in good season, quod rerum est omnium primum.

Thus far, the political or present interest attached to Navarino:  with the recent event which has raised, or we may say resuscitated such interest, our readers have doubtless become familiar, and leaving the ephemeral glory to the Sun of all newspapers, and meaner “chronicles of the times,” we shall proceed to the sober duty of describing the Bay of Navarino, as, it will be seen, a place of some interest in the annals of ancient as well as of modern warfare.

With our usual literary honesty, (we trust a characteristic of our whole conduct,) we have to acknowledge our obligations to the “Travels” of M. Pouqueville for the preceding view.  “The port of Navarino, certainly one of the finest in the world,” says Sir William Gell, in his interesting Journey in the Morea, “is formed by a deep indenture in the Morea, shut in by a long island, anciently called Sphacteria, famous for the defeat and capture of the Spartans, in the Peloponnesian war, and yet exhibiting the vestige of walls, which may have served as their last refuge.  This island has been separated into three or four parts by the violence of the waves, so that boats might pass from the open sea into the port in calm weather, by means of the channel so formed.  On one of the portions is the tomb of a Turkish saint, or santon; and near the centre of the port is another very small island, or rock.”  The modern name of the island is Sphagia.

Navarino, called by the Turks Avarin, and the Greeks Neo-Castron, is the Pylos of the ancients, and the supposed birthplace of the venerable Nestor—­standing upon a promontory at the foot of Mount Temathia, and overlooking the vast harbour of the same name as the town.  It is surrounded only by a wall without a ditch; the height commanding the city is a little hexagonal, defended by five towers at the external angles, which, with the walls, were built by the Turks in 1572, but were never repaired till after the war with the Russians in 1770; the Turks having previously taken it from the Venetians in 1499.  At the gate of the fortress is a miserable Greek village; and the walls of the castle itself are in a dismantled condition.