p. 254:  Shui-hu-chuan has been translated by Pearl Buck, All Men are Brothers.  Parts of Hsi-yu-chi have been translated by A. Waley, Monkey, London 1946. San-kuo yen-i is translated by C.H.  Brewitt-Taylor, San Kuo, or Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Shanghai 1925 (a new edition just published).  A purged translation of Chin-p’ing-mei is published by Fr. Kuhn Chin P’ing Mei, New York 1940.

p. 255:  Even the “murder story” was already known in Ming time.  An example is R.H. van Gulik, Dee Gong An.  Three Murder Cases solved by Judge Dee, Tokyo 1949.

p. 256:  For a special group of block-prints see R.H. van Gulik, Erotic Colour Prints of the Ming Dynasty, Tokyo 1951.  This book is also an excellent introduction into Chinese psychology.

p. 257:  Here I use work done by David Chan.

p. 258:  I use here the research of J.J.L.  Duyvendak; the reasons for the end of such enterprises, as given here, may not exhaust the problem.  It may not be without relevance that Cheng came from a Muslim family.  His father was a pilgrim (Bull.  Chin.  Studies, vol. 3, pp. 131-70).  Further research is desirable.—­Concerning folk-tales, I use my own research.  The main Buddhist tales are the Jataka stories.  They are still used by Burmese Buddhists in the same context.

p. 260:  The Oirat (Uyrat, Ojrot, Oeloet) were a confederation of four tribal groups:  Khosud, Dzungar, Doerbet and Turgut.

p. 261:  I regard this analysis of Ming political history as unsatisfactory, but to my knowledge no large-scale analysis has been made.—­For Wang Yang-ming I use mainly my own research.

p. 262:  For the coastal salt-merchants I used Lo Hsiang-lin’s work.

p. 263:  On the rifles I used P. Pelliot.  There is a large literature on the use of explosives and the invention of cannons, especially L.C.  Goodrich and Feng Chia-sheng in Isis, vol. 36, 1946 and 39, 1948; also G. Sarton, Li Ch’iao-p’ing, J. Pru[vs]ek, J. Needham, and M. Ishida; a comparative, general study is by K. Huuri, Studia Orientalia vol. 9, 1941.—­For the earliest contacts of Wang with Portuguese, I used Chang Wei-hua’s monograph.—­While there is no satisfactory, comprehensive study in English on Wang, for Lu Hsiang-shan the book by Huang Siu-ch’i, Lu Hsiang-shan, a Twelfth-century Chinese Idealist Philosopher, New Haven 1944, can be used.

p. 264:  For Tao-yen, I used work done by David Chan.—­Large parts of the Yung-lo ta-tien are now lost (Kuo Po-kung, Yuean T’ung-li studied this problem).

p. 265:  Yen-ta’s Mongol name is Altan Qan (died 1582), leader of the Tuemet.  He is also responsible for the re-introduction of Lamaism into Mongolia (1574).—­For the border trade I used Hou Jen-chih; for the Shansi bankers Ch’en Ch’i-t’ien and P. Maybon.  For the beginnings of the Manchu see Fr. Michael, The Origins of Manchu Rule in China, Baltimore 1942.