In October, 1831, and December, 1832, expeditions were sent out which landed emigrants at Monrovia.  The difficulty of arriving at an agreement with the parent Society regarding the rights and status of these people, together with other considerations, led to the adoption of the idea of founding a separate colony.  The plan was adopted largely through the support of Mr. John H.B.  Latrobe, throughout his life one of the most active and efficient friends of colonization.  The motives of the undertaking were distinctly announced to be the gradual extirpation of slavery in Maryland, and the spread of civilization and Christianity in Africa.  Cape Palmas, a bold promontory marking the point where the coast makes a sharp bend toward the east, was selected as the new site.  Its conspicuous position makes it one of the best known points on the coast, and some identify it with the “West Horn” reached by Hanno, the Carthaginian explorer, twenty-nine days out from Gades.  Dr. James Hall, who had gained experience as physician in Monrovia, was placed in charge of the expedition, and the brig Ann, with a small number of emigrants, sailed from Baltimore November 28, 1833.  A firm legal basis was projected for the new establishment in a Constitution to which all emigrants were to subscribe.  The experience gained by the older colony was put to good use.  Regular courts, militia, and public schools were provided for from the first.

The vessel touched at Monrovia, gathered as many recruits as possible from those sent out on the two previous expeditions, and finally anchored at Cape Palmas on February 11, 1834.  After the usual tedious “palaver” and bargaining, the natives formally sold the required land.  The cape is a promontory some seventy-five feet in height, separated from the mainland, except for a narrow, sandy isthmus.  A river, navigable for some miles to small boats, opens opposite it, and forms a safe harbor.  A long, salt-water lake extends to the east, parallel to the coast.  The land is very fertile and well adapted to farming.  Several native villages lie near the cape.  From a well-founded fear of native treachery the colonists laid out their town on the promontory, upon the summit of which a brass six-pounder was mounted.  Farm lands were laid out on the mainland, and in a short time the little community was in a thriving condition.  None of the distressing misfortunes encountered by the colony at Monrovia marred the early history of “Maryland in Liberia.”

In 1836 the health of Dr. Hall, whose services to the infant colony had been invaluable, became so much impaired that he was obliged to resign.  He returned to the United States, and long rendered the Society efficient service in another capacity.  John B. Russwurm, a citizen of Monrovia, and once editor of the Liberia Herald, was appointed Governor, and served ably and faithfully until his death in 1851.  Early in his administration a convenient form of paper