7.  Civil Service reform:—­

  a.  The attitude of parties a few years ago.
  b.  The present attitude of the same parties.
  c.  A question not foreseen.
  d.  The number of officers appointed.
  e.  The non-political nature of their duties.
  f.  The principles that should prevail in their selection and
     service.

8.  The “spoils system":—­
  a.  Early appointive officers in New York and Pennsylvania,
  b.  The driving of good citizens out of politics.
  c.  The character of the men called to the front.
  d.  The effect on civil service and on politics.

9.  Rotation in office:—­
  a.  A new idea about government offices.
  b.  Crawford’s law of 1820.
  c.  Failure to grasp its significance.
  d.  Jackson’s course in 1829.
  e.  Removals from office down to Jackson’s time.
  f.  Removals during the first year of Jackson’s administration.
  g.  Origin of the phrase, “spoils system.”
  h.  Promises and practice down to 1885.
  i.  The evils conspicuous since the Civil War.

10.  The Civil Service Act of 1883.
  a.  A board of examiners.
  b.  Competitive examination of candidates.
  c.  The spread of the principles of the reform.
  d.  The merit of the system.
  e.  Two old abuses stopped.
  f.  Further measures needed.

11.  The Australian ballot system:—­
  a.  The object of this system.
  b.  The printing of the ballots.
  c.  What a ballot contains.
  d.  Ballots at the polling-places.
  e.  The booths.
  f.  The manner of voting.
  g.  The advantages of the system.
  h.  An additional precaution against bribery.

12.  What is the attitude of the people towards bribery and corruption?

13.  What reforms must be accomplished before others can make much headway?

SUGGESTIVE QUESTIONS AND DIRECTIONS.

1.  How much money is needed by the United States government for the expenses of a year?  How much is needed for the army, the navy, the interest on the public debt, pensions, rivers and harbours, ordinary civil expenses, etc.? (Answer for any recent year.)

2.  From what sources does the revenue come?  Tell how much revenue each of the several sources has yielded in any recent year.

3.  What is the origin of the word tariff?

4.  What is meant by protection?  What is meant by free trade?  What is meant by a tariff for revenue only?  What is meant by reciprocity?  Give illustrations.

5.  What are some of the reasons assigned for protection?

6.  What are some of the reasons assigned for free trade?

7.  Which policy prevails among the states themselves?

8.  Which policy prevails between the United States and other nations?

9.  Mention all the kinds of United States money in circulation.  Bring into the class a national bank bill, a gold certificate, a silver certificate, any piece that is used as money, and inquire wherein its value lies, what it can or cannot be used for, what the United States will or will not give in exchange for it, and whether it is worth its face in gold or not.