grand wall, composed of huge blocks of gray conglomerate limestone, still remain, and there seems to be no doubt that they are of the time of Solomon.  Some of the stones are of enormous size; I noticed several which were fifteen, and one twenty-two feet in length.  The upper part of the wall was restored by Sultan Selim, the conqueror of Egypt, and the level of the terrace now supports the great Mosque of Omar, which stands on the very site of the temple.  Except these foundation walls, the Damascus Gate and the Tower of Hippicus, there is nothing left of the ancient city.  The length of the present wall of circumference is about two miles, but the circuit of Jerusalem, in the time of Herod, was probably double that distance.

The best views of the city are from the Mount of Olives, and the hill north of it, whence Titus directed the siege which resulted in its total destruction.  The Crusaders under Godfrey of Bouillon encamped on the same hill.  My first walk after reaching here, was to the summit of the Mount of Olives.  Not far from the hotel we came upon the Via Dolorosa, up which, according to Catholic tradition, Christ toiled with the cross upon his shoulders.  I found it utterly impossible to imagine that I was walking in the same path, and preferred doubting the tradition.  An arch is built across the street at the spot where they say he was shown to the populace. (Ecce Homo.) The passage is steep and rough, descending to St. Stephen’s Gate by the Governor’s Palace, which stands on the site of the house of Pontius Pilate.  Here, in the wall forming the northern part of the foundation of the temple, there are some very fine remains of ancient workmanship.  From the city wall, the ground descends abruptly to the Valley of Jehosaphat.  The Turkish residents have their tombs on the city side, just under the terrace of the mosque, while thousands of Jews find a peculiar beatitude in having themselves interred on the opposite slope of the Mount of Olives, which is in some places quite covered with their crumbling tombstones.  The bed of the Brook Kedron is now dry and stony.  A sort of chapel, built in the bottom of the valley, is supposed by the Greeks to cover the tomb of the Virgin—­a claim which the Latins consider absurd.  Near this, at the very foot of the Mount of Olives, the latter sect have lately built a high stone wall around the Garden of Gethsemane, for the purpose, apparently, of protecting the five aged olives.  I am ignorant of the grounds wherefore Gethsemane is placed here.  Most travellers have given their faith to the spot, but Dr. Robinson, who is more reliable than any amount of mere tradition, does not coincide with them.  The trees do not appear as ancient as some of those at the foot of Mount Carmel, which are supposed to date from the Roman colony established by Titus.  Moreover, it is well known that at the time of the taking of Jerusalem by that Emperor, all the trees, for many miles around, were destroyed.  The olive-trees, therefore, cannot be those under which Christ rested, even supposing this to be the true site of Gethseniane.