only protection of defenceless aliens is the German Government.  It did not stir a finger to save the Armenians, until it saw that depopulation threatened the prosperity of its industries, and it is idle to expect that it will do more if the consolidation of Turkish supremacy demands a further campaign of murder.  Greeks, Arabs, and Jews are all completely at the mercy of Talaat’s murder-schedules.  The only chance that can save them is that further extermination may not suit Germany’s political aims, and that she may find it worth her while to be peremptory, and forbid instead of endorsing.

There are unhappily many signs that the butchers of Constantinople are planning further massacres.  In February of this year preliminary measures were begun against the Greeks settled in Anatolia.  Many were forcibly proselytised, their property was confiscated, and they were forbidden to carry on their businesses.  Deportations also occurred, and all Greeks were removed from many villages in Anatolia, into the interior, presumably to ‘agricultural colonies’ such as those provided for Armenians.  They suffered terribly from hunger and exposure, and it is estimated that ten per cent. of them died on their marches.  Since then, however, there has been no more heard of any extension of those measures, and there seems to have been as yet no massacre of Greeks.  It is reasonable to infer that Germany has in this case intervened.  She still hoped to win Greece over to the Central European Powers, and clearly any massacre of Greeks by her own Allies was not desirable.  King Constantine, among his endless vacillations and pusillanimous treacheries, probably made a firm protest on the subject.  But in the kaleidoscope of war, should Greece come to the side of the Allies, it seems most probable that there will occur a wholesale massacre of Greeks.  From what we know of the principles on which German Kultur is based, the most optimistic can scarcely hope that the very faintest remonstrance will emanate from Berlin.

The case of the Arabs in Syria is even more precarious.  From the moment that the policy of the Young Turks was evolved, namely, to consolidate Osmanli supremacy by the weakening of its subject peoples, the Ottoman Government has been waiting for its opportunity to get rid of the ’Arab menace.’  As we have seen, they began by substituting Turkish for Arabic as a written language in all official usages from the printing of the Koran and the prayers for the Sultan down to the legends on railway tickets.  The Arab spirit, according to one of the spokesmen of the New Turk party, had to be suppressed, the Arab lands had to become Turkish colonies.  ‘It is a peculiarly imperious necessity of our existence,’ we read in Jelal Noury Bey’s propaganda, ’to Turkise the Arab lands, for the particularistic idea of nationality is awaking among the younger generations of Arabs, and already threatens us with a great catastrophe.’  Against the Arabs the Young Turks formed and fostered