[Footnote 43:  A new law was hung up in the Forum for public perusal.—­D.O.]

[Footnote 44:  As in the case of a dictator.  At first half, and finally all, of the consular lictors carried only the fasces.—­D.O.]

[Footnote 45:  That is, the incumbents of the past year, now of right private persons, their term of office having expired.—­D.  O.]

[Footnote 46:  The fine for non-attendance.—­D.O.]

[Footnote 47:  As being out of order, the senate having been convened to consider the war.]

[Footnote 48:  Rex Sacrificulus (see note, page 73).—­D.O.]

[Footnote 49:  As having been improperly convened.—­D.O.]

[Footnote 50:  That is, of Valerius, but rather of Appius himself in restraining him from precipitating matters.—­D.O.]

[Footnote 51:  Appius’s argument is that, if Verginia was living in a state of slavery under Claudius, as any one might institute an action to establish her liberty, she would be entitled to her liberty until the matter was settled:  but as she was now living under her father’s protection, and was his property by the right of the patria potestas, and he was absent, and as other person had a right to keep or defend her, she ought to be given up to the man who claimed to be her master, pending her father’s return.]

[Footnote 52:  Venus Cloacina (she who cleanses).—­D.O.]

[Footnote 53:  On two sides of the forum were colonnades, between the pillars of which were tradesmen’s booths known as “the Old Booths” and “the New Booths.”]

[Footnote 54:  That is, to the infernal gods.]

[Footnote 55:  See Macaulay’s “Lays of Ancient Rome:  Verginia.”]

[Footnote 56:  The civilian togas.—­D.  O.]

[Footnote 57:  Appius Claudius, a member of their order.—­D.  O.]

[Footnote 58:  From the Colline gate.—­D.O.]

[Footnote 59:  From whose decision an appeal would lie.]

[Footnote 60:  The church of S. Caterina de’ Fernari now stands within its lines.—­D.O.]

[Footnote 61:  Evidently this could not apply to a dictator.—­D.  O.]

[Footnote 62:  The name consul, although used by Livy (Bk.  I, ch.  Ix), was not really employed until after the period of the decemvirs.  The title in early use was praetor:  it is not definitely known when the name judex was attached to the office.]

[Footnote 63:  I question the rendering of this sentence.  To read plebis for plebi would very much improve the sense.—­D.O.]

[Footnote 64:  Twenty years.—­D.O.]

[Footnote 65:  The misfortunes of the previous campaign were supposed to exert an influence on the present one.—­D.O.]

[Footnote 66:  The cavalry at this period wore no defensive armour, and carried only an ox-hide buckler and a light lance.—­D.O.]

[Footnote 67:  A victorious general who had entered the city could not afterward triumph.—­D.O.]