Their urine is most part pale, and low coloured, urina pauca acris, biliosa (Areteus), not much in quantity; but this, in my judgment, is all out as uncertain as the other, varying so often according to several persons, habits, and other occasions not to be respected in chronic diseases. [2468]"Their melancholy excrements in some very much, in others little, as the spleen plays his part,” and thence proceeds wind, palpitation of the heart, short breath, plenty of humidity in the stomach, heaviness of heart and heartache, and intolerable stupidity and dullness of spirits.  Their excrements or stool hard, black to some and little.  If the heart, brain, liver, spleen, be misaffected, as usually they are, many inconveniences proceed from them, many diseases accompany, as incubus, [2469]apoplexy, epilepsy, vertigo, those frequent wakings and terrible dreams, [2470]intempestive laughing, weeping, sighing, sobbing, bashfulness, blushing, trembling, sweating, swooning, &c. [2471]All their senses are troubled, they think they see, hear, smell, and touch that which they do not, as shall be proved in the following discourse.

SUBSECT.  II.—­Symptoms or Signs in the Mind.

Fear.] Arculanus in 9.  Rhasis ad Almansor. cap. 16. will have these symptoms to be infinite, as indeed they are, varying according to the parties, “for scarce is there one of a thousand that dotes alike,” [2472] Laurentius c. 16. Some few of greater note I will point at; and amongst the rest, fear and sorrow, which as they are frequent causes, so if they persevere long, according to Hippocrates [2473]and Galen’s aphorisms, they are most assured signs, inseparable companions, and characters of melancholy; of present melancholy and habituated, saith Montaltus cap. 11. and common to them all, as the said Hippocrates, Galen, Avicenna, and all Neoterics hold.  But as hounds many times run away with a false cry, never perceiving themselves to be at a fault, so do they.  For Diocles of old, (whom Galen confutes,) and amongst the juniors, [2474]Hercules de Saxonia, with Lod.  Mercatus cap. 17. l. 1. de melan., takes just exceptions, at this aphorism of Hippocrates, ’tis not always true, or so generally to be understood, “fear and sorrow are no common symptoms to all melancholy; upon more serious consideration, I find some” (saith he) “that are not so at all.  Some indeed are sad, and not fearful; some fearful and not sad; some neither fearful nor sad; some both.”  Four kinds he excepts, fanatical persons, such as were Cassandra, Nanto, Nicostrata, Mopsus, Proteus, the sibyls, whom [2475]Aristotle confesseth to have been deeply melancholy.  Baptista Porta seconds him, Physiog. lib. 1, cap. 8, they were atra bile perciti:  demoniacal persons, and such as speak strange languages, are of this rank:  some poets, such as laugh always, and think themselves kings, cardinals, &c., sanguine they are, pleasantly disposed most part, and so continue.