Montesinos says further that Tupac Cauri established in Tampu-tocco a kind of university where boys were taught the use of quipus, the method of counting and the significance of the different colored strings, while their fathers and older brothers were trained in military exercises—­in other words, practiced with the sling, the bolas and the war-club; perhaps also with bows and arrows.  Around the name of Tupac Cauri, or Pachacuti VII, as he wished to be called, is gathered the story of various intellectual movements which took place in Tampu-tocco.  Finally, there came a time when the skill and military efficiency of the little kingdom rose to a high plane.  The ruler and his councilors, bearing in mind the tradition of their ancestors who centuries before had dwelt in Cuzco, again determined to make the attempt to reestablish themselves there.  An earthquake, which ruined many buildings in Cuzco, caused rivers to change their courses, destroyed towns, and was followed by the outbreak of a disastrous epidemic.  The chiefs were obliged to give up their plans, although in healthy Tampu-tocco there was no pestilence.  Their kingdom became more and more crowded.  Every available square yard of arable land was terraced and cultivated.  The men were intelligent, well organized, and accustomed to discipline, but they could not raise enough food for their families; so, about 1300 A.D., they were forced to secure arable land by conquest, under the leadership of the energetic ruler of the day.  His name was Manco Ccapac, generally called the first Inca, the ruler for whom the Manco of 1536 was named.

There are many stories of the rise of the first Inca.  When he had grown to man’s estate, he assembled his people to see how he could secure new lands for them.  After consultation with his brothers, he determined to set out with them “toward the hill over which the sun rose,” as we are informed by Pachacuti Yamqui Salcamayhua, an Indian who was a descendant of a long line of Incas, whose great-grandparents lived in the time of the Spanish Conquest, and who wrote an account of the antiquities of Peru in 1620.  He gives the history of the Incas as it was handed down to the descendants of the former rulers of Peru.  In it we read that Manco Ccapac and his brothers finally succeeded in reaching Cuzco and settled there.  With the return of the descendants of the Amautas to Cuzco there ended the glory of Tampu-tocco.  Manco married his own sister in order that he might not lose caste and that no other family be elevated by this marriage to be on an equality with his.  He made good laws, conquered many provinces, and is regarded as the founder of the Inca dynasty.  The highlanders came under his sway and brought him rich presents.  The Inca, as Manco Ccapac now came to be known, was recognized as the most powerful chief, the most valiant fighter, and the most lucky warrior in the Andes.  His captains and soldiers were brave, well disciplined, and well armed.  All his affairs prospered greatly.  “Afterward he ordered works to be executed at the place of his birth, consisting of a masonry wall with three windows, which were emblems of the house of his fathers whence he descended.  The first window was called Tampu-tocco.”  I quote from Sir Clements Markham’s translation.