is plain from one of the letters of his successor Attalus that the times had changed and his wishes had lowered their tone.  The priest Attis appears to have at a conference at Apamea obtained once more from Attalus the promise of armed assistance; but afterwards the king writes to him that in a state council held for the purpose, at which Athenaeus (certainly the known brother of the king), Sosander, Menogenes, Chlorus, and other relatives (—­anagkaioi—­) had been present, after long hesitation the majority had at length acceded to the opinion of Chlorus that nothing should be done without previously consulting the Romans; for, even if a success were obtained, they would expose themselves to its being lost again, and to the evil suspicion “which they had cherished also against his brother” (Eumenes ii.).

32.  In the same testament the king gave to his city Pergamus “freedom,” that is the —­demokratia—­, urban self-government.  According to the tenor of a remarkable document that has recently been found there (Staatsrecht, iii(3). p. 726) after the testament was opened, but before its confirmation by the Romans, the Demos thus constituted resolved to confer urban burgess-rights on the classes of the population hitherto excluded from them, especially on the -paroeci- entered in the census and on the soldiers dwelling in town and country, including the Macedonians, in order thus to bring about a good understanding among the whole population.  Evidently the burgesses, in confronting the Romans with this comprehensive reconciliation as an accomplished fact, desired, before the Roman rule was properly introduced, to prepare themselves against it and to take away from the foreign rulers the possibility of using the differences of rights within the population for breaking up its municipal freedom.

33.  These strange “Heliopolites” may, according to the probable opinion which a friend has expressed to me, be accounted for by supposing that the liberated slaves constituted themselves citizens of a town Heliopolis—­not otherwise mentioned or perhaps having an existence merely in imagination for the moment—­which derived its name from the God of the Sun so highly honoured in Syria.

34.  III.  IX.  Extension of the Kingdom of Pergamus

35.  III.  IX.  Extension of the Kingdom of Pergamus

36.  III.  IX.  Extension of the Kingdom of Pergamus

37.  III.  X. Intervention in the Syro-Egyptian War

38.  III.  IX.  Armenia

39.  From him proceed the coins with the inscription “Shekel Israel,” and the date of the “holy Jerusalem,” or the “deliverance of Sion.”  The similar coins with the name of Simon, the prince (Nessi) of Israel, belong not to him, but to Bar-Cochba the leader of the insurgents in the time of Hadrian.

40.  III.  III.  Illyrian Piracy

41.  IV.  I. New Organization of Spain

42.  III.  X. Intervention in the Syro-Egyptian War