Allow me to make yet some remarks about the commercial interests as connected with the cause I plead.  Nothing astonishes me more than to see those whose only guiding star is commerce, considering its interests only from the narrow view of a small momentary profit, and disregarding the threatening combination of next coming events.

Permit me to quote in this respect one part of the public letter which Mr. Calhoun, the son of the late great leader of the South, the inheritor of his fame, of his principles, and of his interests, has recently published.  I quote it because I hope nobody will charge him with partiality in respect to Hungary.

Mr. Calhoun says: 

“There is a universal consideration that should influence the government of the United States.  The palpable and practical agricultural, manufacturing, commercial and navigating interests, the pecuniary interests of this country, will be promoted by the independence of Hungary more than by any other event that could occur in Europe.  If Hungary becomes independent it will be her interest to adopt a liberal system of commercial policy.  There are fifteen millions of people inhabiting what is or what was Hungary, and the country between her and the Adriatic.  These people have not now, and never had, any commerce with the United States.  Hungarian trade and commerce has been stifled by the ‘fiscal barriers’ of Austria that encircle her.  She has used but few of American products.  Your annual shipments of cotton and cotton manufactures to Trieste and all other Austrian ports, including the amount sent to Hungary, as well as Austria, has never exceeded nine hundred thousand dollars per annum.  All other merchandize and produce sent by you to Austria and Hungary do not exceed one hundred thousand dollars a year.  Hungary obtains all her foreign imports through Austrian ports.  The import and transit duties levied by Austria are exceedingly onerous, and nearly prohibitory as to Hungary of your cotton and cotton goods.”  Hungary independent, and a market is at once opened for your cotton, rice, tobacco, and manufactures of immense value.  That market is now closed to you, and has always been, by Austrian restrictions.  And can it be doubted that besides supplying the fifteen millions of industrious and intelligent people of Hungary (and they are, as a people, perhaps, the most intelligent of any in Europe), the adjacent and neighbouring countries, will not also be tempted to encourage trade with you?  Hungary needs your cotton.  She is rich in resources—­mineral, agricultural, manufacturing, and of every kind.  She is rich in products for which you can exchange your cotton, rice, &c.  Will it, I ask, injuriously affect you if the English should compete with you and send their manufactures of cotton thither?  Not, I presume, as long as the raw material is purchased from America; but in fact, your market will be extended through her.  “If therefore those of our statesmen