“If we support Japan’s claim, we abandon the democracy of China to
   the domination of the Prussianized militarism of Japan.

   “We shall be sowing dragons’ teeth.

   “It can’t be right to do wrong even to make peace.  Peace is
   desirable, but there are things dearer than peace, justice
   and freedom.

   “Sincerely yours

   “THE PRESIDENT

   “T.H.  BLISS”

I have not discussed certain modifications proposed by the Japanese delegates, since, as is clear from General Bliss’s letter, they amounted to nothing and were merely a pretense of concession and without substantial value.

The day following the delivery of this letter to the President (April 30), by which he was fully advised of the attitude of General Bliss, Mr. White, and myself in regard to the Japanese claims, the Council of Four reached its final decision of the matter, in which necessarily Mr. Wilson acquiesced.  I learned of this decision the same evening.  The memorandum which I made the next morning in regard to the matter is as follows: 

“China has been abandoned to Japanese rapacity.  A democratic territory has been given over to an autocratic government.  The President has conceded to Japan all that, if not more than, she ever hoped to obtain.  This is the information contained in a memorandum handed by Ray Stannard Baker under the President’s direction to the Chinese delegation last evening, a copy of which reached me through Mr. ——­ [of the Chinese delegation].

“Mr. ——­ also said that Mr. Baker stated that the President desired him to say that the President was very sorry that he had not been able to do more for China but that he had been compelled to accede to Japan’s demand ‘in order to save the League of Nations.’

“The memorandum was most depressing.  Though I had anticipated something of the sort three days ago [see note of April 28 previously quoted], I had unconsciously cherished a hope that the President would stand to his guns and champion China’s cause.  He has failed to do so.  It is true that China is given the shell called ‘sovereignty,’ but the economic control, the kernel, is turned over to Japan.

“However logical may appear the argument that China’s political integrity is preserved and will be maintained under the guaranty of the League of Nations, the fact is that Japan will rule over millions of Chinese.  Furthermore it is still a matter of conjecture how valuable the guaranty of the League will prove to be.  It has, of course, never been tried, and Japan’s representation on the Council will possibly thwart any international action in regard to China.

“Frankly my policy would have been to say to the Japanese, ’If you do not give back to China what Germany stole from her, we don’t want you in the League of Nations.’  If the Japanese had taken offense and gone, I would