We found the elephants in prodigious numbers on the southern bank.  They come to drink by night, and after having slaked their thirst—­in doing which they throw large quantities of water over themselves, and are heard, while enjoying the refreshment, screaming with delight—­they evince their horror of pitfalls by setting off in a straight line to the desert, and never diverge till they are eight or ten miles off.  They are smaller here than in the countries farther south.  At the Limpopo, for instance, they are upward of twelve feet high; here, only eleven:  farther north we shall find them nine feet only.  The koodoo, or tolo, seemed smaller, too, than those we had been accustomed to see.  We saw specimens of the kuabaoba, or straight-horned rhinoceros (’R.  Oswellii’), which is a variety of the white (’R. simus’); and we found that, from the horn being projected downward, it did not obstruct the line of vision, so that this species is able to be much more wary than its neighbors.

We discovered an entirely new species of antelope, called leche or lechwi.  It is a beautiful water-antelope of a light brownish-yellow color.  Its horns—­exactly like those of the ‘Aigoceros ellipsiprimnus’, the waterbuck, or tumogo, of the Bechuanas—­rise from the head with a slight bend backward, then curve forward at the points.  The chest, belly, and orbits are nearly white, the front of the legs and ankles deep brown.  From the horns, along the nape to the withers, the male has a small mane of the same yellowish color with the rest of the skin, and the tail has a tuft of black hair.  It is never found a mile from water; islets in marshes and rivers are its favorite haunts, and it is quite unknown except in the central humid basin of Africa.  Having a good deal of curiosity, it presents a noble appearance as it stands gazing, with head erect, at the approaching stranger.  When it resolves to decamp, it lowers its head, and lays its horns down to a level with the withers; it then begins with a waddling trot, which ends in its galloping and springing over bushes like the pallahs.  It invariably runs to the water, and crosses it by a succession of bounds, each of which appears to be from the bottom.  We thought the flesh good at first, but soon got tired of it.

Great shoals of excellent fish come down annually with the access of waters.  The mullet (’Mugil Africanus’) is the most abundant.  They are caught in nets.

The ‘Glanis siluris’, a large, broad-headed fish, without scales, and barbed—­called by the natives “mosala”—­attains an enormous size and fatness.  They are caught so large that when a man carries one over his shoulder the tail reaches the ground.  It is a vegetable feeder, and in many of its habits resembles the eel.  Like most lophoid fishes, it has the power of retaining a large quantity of water in a part of its great head, so that it can leave the river, and even be buried in the mud of dried-up pools, without being destroyed.  Another fish closely resembling this, and named ‘Clarias capensis’ by Dr. Smith, is widely diffused throughout the interior, and often leaves the rivers for the sake of feeding in pools.  As these dry up, large numbers of them are entrapped by the people.  A water-snake, yellow-spotted and dark brown, is often seen swimming along with its head above the water:  it is quite harmless, and is relished as food by the Bayeiye.