the horses that evening; but as there was not sufficient for the oxen, we sent them back to Lobotani, where, after thirsting four full days (ninety-six hours), they got a good supply.  The horses were kept by us as necessary to procure game for the sustenance of our numerous party.  Next morning we found the water had flowed in faster than at first, as it invariably does in these reservoirs, owing to the passages widening by the flow.  Large quantities of the sand come into the well with the water, and in the course of a few days the supply, which may be equal to the wants of a few men only, becomes sufficient for oxen as well.  In these sucking-places the Bakalahari get their supplies; and as they are generally in the hollows of ancient river-beds, they are probably the deposits from rains gravitating thither; in some cases they may be the actual fountains, which, though formerly supplying the river’s flow, now no longer rise to the surface.

Here, though the water was perfectly inaccessible to elands, large numbers of these fine animals fed around us; and, when killed, they were not only in good condition, but their stomachs actually contained considerable quantities of water.

I examined carefully the whole alimentary canal, in order to see if there were any peculiarity which might account for the fact that this animal can subsist for months together without drinking, but found nothing.  Other animals, such as the duiker (’Cephalopus mergens’) or puti (of the Bechuanas), the steinbuck (’Tragulus rupestris’) or puruhuru, the gemsbuck (’Oryx capensis’) or kukama, and the porcupine (’Hystrix cristata’), are all able to subsist without water for many months at a time by living on bulbs and tubers containing moisture.  They have sharp-pointed hoofs well adapted for digging, and there is little difficulty in comprehending their mode of subsistence.  Some animals, on the other hand, are never seen but in the vicinity of water.  The presence of the rhinoceros, of the buffalo and gnu (’Catoblepas gnu’), of the giraffe, the zebra, and pallah (’Antilope melampus’), is always a certain indication of water being within a distance of seven or eight miles; but one may see hundreds of elands (’Boselaphus oreas’), gemsbuck, the tolo or koodoo (’Strepsiceros capensis’), also springbucks (’Gazella euchore’) and ostriches, without being warranted thereby in inferring the presence of water within thirty or forty miles.  Indeed, the sleek, fat condition of the eland in such circumstances would not remove the apprehension of perishing by thirst from the mind of even a native.  I believe, however, that these animals can subsist only where there is some moisture in the vegetation on which they feed; for in one year of unusual drought we saw herds of elands and flocks of ostriches crowding to the Zouga from the Desert, and very many of the latter were killed in pitfalls on the banks.  As long as there is any sap in the pasturage they seldom need water.  But should a traveler see the “spoor” of a rhinoceros, or buffalo, or zebra, he would at once follow it up, well assured that before he had gone many miles he would certainly reach water.