58 inches of which are seen, and, as the bottom touches the water of the Muatize, it may be more.  This part of the seam is about 30 yards long.  There is then a fault.  About 100 yards higher up the stream black vesicular trap is seen, penetrating in thin veins the clay shale of the country, converting it into porcellanite, and partially crystallizing the coal with which it came into contact.  On the right bank of the Lofubu there is another feeder entering that river near its confluence with the Muatize, which is called the Morongozi, in which there is another and still larger bed of coal exposed.  Farther up the Lofubu there are other seams in the rivulets Inyavu and Makare; also several spots in the Maravi country have the coal cropping out.  This has evidently been brought to the surface by volcanic action at a later period than the coal formation.

I also went up the Zambesi, and visited a hot spring called Nyamboronda, situated in the bed of a small rivulet named Nyaondo, which shows that igneous action is not yet extinct.  We landed at a small rivulet called Mokorozi, then went a mile or two to the eastward, where we found a hot fountain at the bottom of a high hill.  A little spring bubbles up on one side of the rivulet Nyaondo, and a great quantity of acrid steam rises up from the ground adjacent, about 12 feet square of which is so hot that my companions could not stand on it with their bare feet.  There are several little holes from which the water trickles, but the principal spring is in a hole a foot in diameter, and about the same in depth.  Numbers of bubbles are constantly rising.  The steam feels acrid in the throat, but is not inflammable, as it did not burn when I held a bunch of lighted grass over the bubbles.  The mercury rises to 158 Deg. when the thermometer is put into the water in the hole, but after a few seconds it stands steadily at 160 Deg.  Even when flowing over the stones the water is too hot for the hand.  Little fish frequently leap out of the stream in the bed of which the fountain rises, into the hot water, and get scalded to death.  We saw a frog which had performed the experiment, and was now cooked.  The stones over which the water flows are incrusted with a white salt, and the water has a saline taste.  The ground has been dug out near the fountain by the natives, in order to extract the salt it contains.  It is situated among rocks of syenitic porphyry in broad dikes, and gneiss tilted on edge, and having a strike to the N.E.  There are many specimens of half-formed pumice, with greenstone and lava.  Some of the sandstone strata are dislocated by a hornblende rock and by basalt, the sandstone nearest to the basalt being converted into quartz.