’Yours &c.

‘SAM.  JOHNSON.’

‘Aug. 24, 1782.’

On the 3Oth of August, I informed him that my honoured father had died that morning; a complaint under which he had long laboured having suddenly come to a crisis, while I was upon a visit at the seat of Sir Charles Preston, from whence I had hastened the day before, upon receiving a letter by express.

’TO JAMES BOSWELL, ESQ.

’DEAR SIR,

’I have struggled through this year with so much infirmity of body, and such strong impressions of the fragility of life, that death, whenever it appears, fills me with melancholy; and I cannot hear without emotion, of the removal of any one, whom I have known, into another state.

’Your father’s death had every circumstance that could enable you to bear it; it was at a mature age, and it was expected; and as his general life had been pious, his thoughts had doubtless for many years past been turned upon eternity.  That you did not find him sensible must doubtless grieve you; his disposition towards you was undoubtedly that of a kind, though not of a fond father.  Kindness, at least actual, is in our power, but fondness is not; and if by negligence or imprudence you had extinguished his fondness, he could not at will rekindle it.  Nothing then remained between you but mutual forgiveness of each other’s faults, and mutual desire of each other’s happiness.

’I shall long to know his final disposition of his fortune[481].

’You, dear Sir, have now a new station, and have therefore new cares, and new employments.  Life, as Cowley seems to say, ought to resemble a well-ordered poem[482]; of which one rule generally received is, that the exordium should be simple, and should promise little.  Begin your new course of life with the least show, and the least expence possible; you may at pleasure encrease both, but you cannot easily diminish them.  Do not think your estate your own, while any man can call upon you for money which you cannot pay; therefore, begin with timorous parsimony.  Let it be your first care not to be in any man’s debt.

’When the thoughts are extended to a future state, the present life seems hardly worthy of all those principles of conduct, and maxims of prudence, which one generation of men has transmitted to another; but upon a closer view, when it is perceived how much evil is produced, and how much good is impeded by embarrassment and distress, and how little room the expedients of poverty leave for the exercise of virtue, it grows manifest that the boundless importance of the next life enforces some attention to the interests of this.

’Be kind to the old servants, and secure the kindness of the agents and factors; do not disgust them by asperity, or unwelcome gaiety, or apparent suspicion.  From them you must learn the real state of your affairs, the characters of your tenants, and the value of your lands[483].

’Make my compliments to Mrs. Boswell; I think her expectations from air and exercise are the best that she can form.  I hope she will live long and happily.