Having next day gone to Mr. Burke’s seat in the country, from whence I was recalled by an express, that a near relation of mine had killed his antagonist in a duel, and was himself dangerously wounded[647], I saw little of Dr. Johnson till Monday, April 28, when I spent a considerable part of the day with him, and introduced the subject, which then chiefly occupied my mind.  JOHNSON.  ’I do not see, Sir, that fighting is absolutely forbidden in Scripture; I see revenge forbidden, but not self-defence.’  BOSWELL.  ’The Quakers say it is; “Unto him that smiteth thee on one cheek, offer him also the other[648]."’ JOHNSON.  ’But stay, Sir; the text is meant only to have the effect of moderating passion; it is plain that we are not to take it in a literal sense.  We see this from the context, where there are other recommendations, which I warrant you the Quaker will not take literally; as, for instance, “From him that would borrow of thee, turn thou not away[649].”  Let a man whose credit is bad, come to a Quaker, and say, “Well, Sir, lend me a hundred pounds;” he’ll find him as unwilling as any other man.  No, Sir, a man may shoot the man who invades his character, as he may shoot him who attempts to break into his house[650].  So in 1745, my friend, Tom Cumming the Quaker[651], said, he would not fight, but he would drive an ammunition cart; and we know that the Quakers have sent flannel waistcoats to our soldiers, to enable them to fight better.’  BOSWELL.  ’When a man is the aggressor, and by ill-usage forces on a duel in which he is killed, have we not little ground to hope that he is gone into a state of happiness?’ JOHNSON.  ’Sir, we are not to judge determinately of the state in which a man leaves this life.  He may in a moment have repented effectually, and it is possible may have been accepted by GOD.  There is in Camden’s Remains, an epitaph upon a very wicked man, who was killed by a fall from his horse, in which he is supposed to say,

     ’"Between the stirrup and the ground,
       I mercy ask’d, I mercy found[652]."’

BOSWELL.  ’Is not the expression in the Burial-service, “in the sure and certain hope of a blessed resurrection[653],” too strong to be used indiscriminately, and, indeed, sometimes when those over whose bodies it is said, have been notoriously profane?’ JOHNSON.  ’It is sure and certain hope, Sir; not belief.’  I did not insist further; but cannot help thinking that less positive words would be more proper[654].

Talking of a man who was grown very fat, so as to be incommoded with corpulency; he said, ‘He eats too much, Sir.’  BOSWELL.  ’I don’t know, Sir; you will see one man fat who eats moderately, and another lean who eats a great deal.’  JOHNSON.  ’Nay, Sir, whatever may be the quantity that a man eats, it is plain that if he is too fat, he has eaten more than he should have done.  One man may have a digestion that consumes food better than common; but it is certain that solidity is encreased by putting something to it.’  BOSWELL.  ’But may not solids swell and be distended?’ JOHNSON.  ’Yes, Sir, they may swell and be distended; but that is not fat.’