having recovered their liberty.  They are renowned for their fidelity, and form the most numerous part of the body-guards of the Sultan; that body-guard makes about the half of the army, which on an average compose a total of ten thousand men.  The greater part of those Blacks comes from Senegambia, Guinea, and the dominions of the Fellah or Fellani.” (Specchio geografico e Statistico dell’ Impero di Marocco.  Geneva.)

[13] Some time since, when the French Government were anxious to get supplies of grain from the Levant, for the north of France, they sent steamers to the Straits, to be ready to tow the vessels through, an example worthy of imitation, in other times besides seasons of famine.

[14] This conduct of Roman Catholic sailors has often been noticed.  Mahometans do the same, and resign themselves to fate, i.e., make no effort to save themselves; the only difference is, they are less noisy, and more sullen in their spiritless resignation.

[15] The entrance to the port of Mogador, however, is difficult to all seamen.  We were besides in the depth of winter.  The Prince de Joinville describes his mishaps during the height of summer, or in August, when placing his vessels in position before the town.  He says in his report of the bombardment:  “New difficulties, and of more than one kind awaited us.  For four days, the violence of the wind and the roughness of the sea prevented us from communicating with one another.  Anchored upon a rocky bottom, our anchors and cables broke, and the loss of them deprived us of resources which were indispensable in order to obtain our object.  Some vessels had only one chain and one anchor.  We could not think of maintaining ourselves before Mogador under sail.  The violence of the currents and of the gale, would probably have carried us too far, and we should have lost the opportunity of acting.  Besides, in causing the steamers to get to proceed with us, they would have consumed their fuel, and in leaving them by themselves they would be exposed to run short of provisions and water.  It was therefore necessary to remain at anchor.  At last, the wind abated, and there remained of the hurricane of the preceding days, a considerable swell from N.N.W.  Then the vessels were tormented by the swell, and became ungovernable.”

[16] The Ancient Numidians rode without saddle or bridle They were celebrated as the “reinless” Numidians—­

“Numidae infraeni.”—­(AEnaid, iv., 41.)

We are aware that another meaning to infraeni has been given, that of “indomitable;” but the peculiarity of these horsemen riding without reins is the usual rendering.  But ordinarily, the modern Moorish cavalry is very comfortably mounted.  Their saddles, with high backs, are as commodious as a chair.  The large, broad, shovel-stirrups enable the rider to stand upright as on terra firma, whilst the sharp iron edges of the stirrups goring the ribs of the poor animal, serve as spurs.  These lacerating stirrups are tied up short to the saddle, and the knees of the rider are bent forwards in a very ungainly manner.  Nevertheless, the barb delights in the “powder play” as much as his master, and—­