Athelstan king,

Lord among earls,
Bracelet bestower and
Baron of barons;
He with his brother
Edmund Atheling
Gaining a lifelong
Glory in battle. 
Slew with the sword-edge,
There by Brunanburh,
Brake the shield wall,
Hew’d the lindenwood,
Hack’d the battleshield,
Sons of Edward with hammered brands.

Oak, beech, and holly, which so largely make up the woodland of the New Forest we have always had in England, but the limes which named Lyndhurst it is said we owe to someone else, and if so it can only be to the Roman.

What the Forest was when the Romans administered the land we know not; but in Anglo-Saxon times it was doubtless a royal hunting ground, terra regis and silva regis, for spoiling which by fire as for killing the game therein fines must be paid.  These royal hunting grounds, of which the great Forest in Hampshire was certainly not the least, only became legal “forests” with the Conquest, when they were placed under a new Forest law of extraordinary harshness, which even in the Conqueror’s time indeed demanded an eye or a hand for the taking of game, and in the days of the Red King the life of a man for the life of a beast.

The Conqueror, as we know, greatly enlarged the old “royal hunting ground” here in Hampshire when he made the New Forest, and that act of his which brought an immensely larger area than of old under a new and incredibly harsher forest law gradually produced a legend of devastation and depopulation here which, as I have already said, can no longer be accepted as true.  Henry of Huntingdon (1084?-1155) asserts that “to form the hunting ground of the New Forest he (William) caused churches and villages to be destroyed, and, driving out the people, made it a habitation for deer.”  It is true that the Conqueror forged a charter purporting to date from Canute in which the king’s sole right to take beasts of chase was asserted, and to this he appealed as justifying his harsh new laws; but it is untrue that he depopulated and destroyed a thriving district to make a wilderness for the red deer.  “We shall find,” says Warner, “that the lands comprised in this tract (the New Forest) appear from their low valuation in the time of the Confessor to have been always unproductive in comparison with other parts of the kingdom; and that notwithstanding this pretended devastation they sunk (in many instances) but little in their value after their afforestment.  So that the fact seems to have been, William, finding this tract in a barren state and yielding but little profit, and being strongly attached to the pleasures of the chase, converted it into a royal forest, without being guilty of those violences to the inhabitants of which Henry of Huntingdon, Malmesbury, Walter Mapes, and others complain.”

Of this great New Forest, Lyndhurst was made the capital and the administrative centre, and such it is still.  In Domesday Book we read:  “The King himself holds Lyndhurst, which appertained to Amesbury, which is of the King’s farm.”