Alberuni's writings contain a very significant note regarding the fluctuations of sea level which occurred in the past. He firmly believes that the level of the seas have never remained constant over long periods of time. We gather from his discussions that the levels of seas are connected with isostatic adjustments and whenever there is any considerable change in the distribution of landmasses, its effect upon the seas is pronounced, and this happens mainly because the earth has to keep its stability. Alberuni observes that 'the distances of different regions from its centre of gravity are not invariable over long periods of time'.⁷² and therefore the land and the sea, must adjust their gravitational positions by emergence and subsidence. Thus, according to him, transgression or retrogression are inherent qualities of the seas. He takes note of many regions of the inhabitable world which were once under the sea...