It can safely be concluded that the main sources of al-Bīrūnī's ethics were revelational without being influenced by rationalism or naturalism and he was a true devout Muslim and not a bad Muslim as Professor Sachau had thought.

Al-Bīrūnī's refusal to apply empiricism to ethics and moral philosophy does not minimise his position as a great scientist and empiricist in other fields of science. Human history is indebted to him for his contribution to mathematics, astronomy, geology, pharmacology, history, geography, linguistics, religion, ethics and philosophy.