Compton was among the first generation of scientists to learn from quantum mechanics. While older scientists viewed the quantum theories of Max Planck and Albert Einstein as strange and implausible, Compton embraced them as new tools for the understanding of physics. He was responsible for the modern view of light as both a wave and a particle. He also conducted important research into cosmic rays and was the Director of the Manhattan Project, which developed the atomic bomb.

Compton was born in Wooster, Ohio, in 1892. His father was a professor and dean at the nearby College of Wooster. Arthur's two older brothers were respected scientists in their own rights: Karl Compton (1887-1954) became the president of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, while Wilson Compton was president of Washington State College before becoming a prominent businessman. Arthur graduated from Wooster in 1913, moving to Princeton to receive his master's degree...