Alexander Todd was awarded the 1957 Nobel Prize in chemistry for his work on the chemistry of nucleotides. He was also influential in synthesizing vitamins for commercial application. In addition, he invesitgated active ingredients in cannabis and hashish and helped develop efficient means of producing chemical weapons.

Alexander Robertus Todd was born in Glasgow, Scotland, on 2 October 1907, to Alexander and Jane Lowrie Todd. The family, consisting of Todd, his parents, his older sister, and his younger brother, was not well-to-do. Todd's autobiography, A Time to Remember, recalls how through hard work his parents rose to the lower middle class despite having no more than an elementary education, and how determined they were that their children should have an education at any cost.

Education and Early Career

In 1918, Todd gained admission to the Allan Glen's School in Glasgow, a science high school; his interest in chemistry, which first arose when...