| William Stoughton | |
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| In office December 4, 1694 – May 26, 1699 July 22, 1700 – July 7, 1701 |
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| Preceded by | William Phips (1694) Richard Coote (1700) |
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| Succeeded by | Richard Coote (1699) Massachusetts Governor's Council (1701) |
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| Born | September 30, 1631 Woolwich, Maine |
| Died | July 7, 1701 |
William Stoughton (30 September 1631 – 7 July 1701) was in charge of what has come to be known as the Salem Witch Trials, first as the Chief Magistrate of the Special Court of Oyer and Terminer in 1692, and then as the Chief Justice of the Superior Court of Judicature in 1693.
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Family
Born in the Kingdom of England, Stoughton was the son of Israel Stoughton and Elizabeth Knight. Soon after the birth of William they moved to the Massachusetts Bay Colony where they had a plentiful amount of land. His parents were among the founders of Dorchester, Massachusetts. His paternal grandparents were Thomas and Katherine Stoughton.[1]
Life account
Stoughton graduated from Harvard College in 1650 with a degree in theology. He intended to become a religious minister and continued his studies in New College, Oxford, graduating with an M.A. in Theology in 1652. The Kingdom of England had by then been replaced by the Commonwealth of England. Stoughton received a Master's degree in June 1653. The same year the Commonwealth was replaced by The Protectorate of Lord Protector Oliver Cromwell.
Stoughton served as a curate in Sussex during the English Restoration of 1660. He was a Puritan at a time when this denomination was strongly connected to the recently deceased Cromwell. They fell out of favor with the Restoration of Charles II of England to the throne. Stoughton would not hold his position for long. Having lost his position as a curate and having little chance to gain another, Stoughton returned to Massachusetts in 1662. He served in various positions in the colonial government, including as Joseph Dudley's deputy in 1686. By the early 1690s he was colonial chief magistrate, the first Chief Justice of the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court. In 1692 he acted as judge and prosecutor during the Salem Witch Trials, notoriously allowing spectral evidence and denying the accused defense counsel. Stoughton was acting Governor of Massachusetts from 1694 to 1699, while still serving as Chief Justice, and again from 1700 to 1701. He was an adroit politician who managed the factions of the Colony's politics using the power of his governorship and judgeship and appointments to both his council and to lower courts.
Honoraria
In 1726 the town of Stoughton, Massachusetts was named in his honor. One of the Harvard College dormitories in Harvard Yard is named after Stoughton.
Sister
His sister, Rebecca Stoughton, was married to William Tailer. Their namesake son, William Tailer, would serve as acting Governor of Massachusetts from 1715 to 1716 and again in 1730. Their daughter Elizabeth married John Nelson (c. 1654 - 1734) who served as Lieutenant Governor of Massachusetts.
References
- ^ Anderson, Robert Charles, The Great Migration Begins: Immigrants to New England 1620-1633, New England Historic Genealogical Society, Boston, Massachusetts, 1995, p. 1766
External links
- Biography of William Stoughton (1631-1701) from the website about this history of the town named for him
- [http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/~cbjbar/descendancy.html#13898 A page noting his notable
relations]
- official Massachusetts Governor biography
- A narrative of the proceedings of sir Edmond Androsse and his complices by William Stoughton, et. al (1691)
- "William Stoughton," pp. 194-208 of Biographical Sketches of Graduates of Harvard University, Vol. 1
| Preceded by William Phips |
Acting Governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony December 4 1694 - May 26 1699 |
Succeeded by Richard Coote |
| Preceded by Richard Coote |
Acting Governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony July 22 1700 - July 7 1701 |
Succeeded by Massachusetts Governor's Council |
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| Magistrates | William Stoughton · John Hathorne · Jonathan Corwin · Samuel Sewall · Bartholomew Gedney · Thomas Danforth · Nathaniel Saltonstall · Joseph Herrick · George Herrick |
| Clergy | Samuel Parris · Cotton Mather · Increase Mather · Nicholas Noyes · John Hale · Deodat Lawson · Samuel Willard |
| Politicians & Public Figures | William Phips · Thomas Brattle · Robert Calef · Thomas Putnam |
| Accusers | Elizabeth Hubbard · Mercy Lewis · Betty Parris · Ann Putnam, Jr. · Susannah Sheldon · Mary Walcott · Abigail Williams · Sarah Bibber · Samuel Parris · John Indian |
| Accused | John Alden · Edward Bishop · Edward Bishop III · Sarah Bishop · Mary Black · Mary Bradbury · Sarah Cloyce · Rebecca Eames · Mary English · Phillip English · Abigail Faulkner · Dorothy Good · William Hobbs · Mary Lacy · Sarah Morey · Benjamin Proctor · Sarah Osborne · Elizabeth Proctor · Sarah Proctor · William Proctor |
| Confessed and Accused Others | Tituba · Abigail Hobbs · Deliverance Hobbs · Margaret Jacobs · Mary Warren · Ann Foster · Mary Lacey Jr. · Mary Lacey Sr. · Sarah Churchwell |
| Executed | Bridget Bishop · George Burroughs · Martha Carrier · Martha Corey · Mary Eastey · Sarah Good · Elizabeth Howe · George Jacobs, Sr. · Susannah Martin · Rebecca Nurse · Alice Parker · Mary Parker · John Proctor · Ann Pudeator · Wilmot Redd · Margaret Scott · Samuel Wardwell · Sarah Wildes · John Willard |
| Died in Prison | Lydia Dustin · Ann Foster · Sarah Osborne · Roger Toothaker |
| Pressed to Death | Giles Corey |
| Born in Prison | John Proctor, Jr. |
