Ural is a computer series built in Soviet Union.
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History
Ural was developed at the Electronic Computer Producing Manufacture of Penza, Soviet Union. The device had been produced between 1959 and 1964. In total 139 were made. The computer was widely used in the 1960s, mainly in the socialist countries (Hungary had three), but some devices were exported to Western Europe and Latin America as well.
Attributes
Models Ural-1 to Ural-4 were based on vacuum tubes, with the hardware being able to perform 12,000 floating-point calculations per second. A binary, single-headed device. One word consists of 40 bits, this is able to contain one number or two commands. Ferrit-hoop memory was used as operative memory. A new series (Ural-11, Ural-14, produced between 1964 and 1971) was based on semiconductors.
Function
It was able to perform mathematic tasks at computer centers, industrial facilities and research facilities. The device occupied approximately 90-100 square meters of space. It consumed triphasal flux (380V±10%/50Hz), and contains a triphasal magnetic voltage stabilizer with 30kVA capacity.
Main Units
Keyboard unit, controlling-reading unit, input punched tape unit, output punched tape unit, printing unit, magnetic tape memory unit, ferrit memory unit, ALU (arithmetical logical unit), CPU (central processing unit), power supply unit and electron tubes (6N8 type).
Trivia
- As said by Charles Simonyi, who was the second Hungarian in space, he will take old paper tapes from his Soviet-built Ural-2 computer into space. He kept them to remind him of his past. [1]
References
External links
- Bashir Iskanderovich Rameev, chief designer of Ural series, article on Russian Virtual Computer Museum web-portal
- "The best enemy money can buy", Chapter V, "Computers - Deception by Control Data Corporation", book by Antony C. Sutton
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