The Treaty of London was signed by the United Kingdom, France, and Russia on July 6, 1827. The three main European powers had called upon Greece and the Ottoman Empire to cease hostilities. The allied powers had mainly wanted this treaty to cause the Ottoman Empire to create an independent Greek state. It stated that while the Ottoman Empire should recognize the independence of Greece, the Sultan would be the supreme ruler of Greece. However, the Ottoman Empire, basing its decision upon its (supposedly) superior naval force, declined to accept the treaty. This directly caused the allied victory at the Battle of Navarino, which forcefully and effectively created an independent Greek state.
