Thomson is a patronymic surname meaning "son of Tom (or Thomas)". There are varied spellings. Thomson may refer to:
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People
- Alexander Thomson (1817–1875), Scottish architect
- Andrew Thomson
- Charles Thomson, secretary of the Continental Congress
- Charles Poulett Thomson, 1st Baron Sydenham (1799–1841), the first Governor of the united Province of Canada
- Charles Wyville Thomson (1830–1882), professor of zoology and chief scientist on the Challenger expedition
- Charles Thomson (artist), (b. 1953), British artist, painter and poet
- Cyndi Thomson, an American country music singer from the early 2000s
- David Thomson (film critic), Anglo-American writer and film critic
- Donald Thomson (1901–1970), Australian anthropologist and ornithologist
- Earl Thomson (1895–1971), Canadian Olympic athlete
- Edward Thomson, a Bishop in the Methodist Episcopal Church
- Edward Thomson (disambiguation)
- Elihu Thomson (1853–1937), English engineer, founder of what became the French firm Thomson SA
- George Thomson (musician) (1757–1821), Scottish music collector and a friend of Robert Burns
- George Paget Thomson (1892–1975), English physicist who worked on the wave nature of the electron
- J. J. Thomson (Sir Joseph John Thomson, 1856–1940), English physicist who discovered the electron
- J. M. Archer Thomson (1863–1913), British rock-climber and mountaineer
- James Thomson:
- James Thomson (Seasons) (1700–1748), poet of the eighteenth century, author of The Seasons
- James Thomson (B.V.) (1834–1882), poet of the nineteenth century, author of The City of Dreadful Night
- James Thomson (cell biologist), stem cell researcher
- James Thomson (engineer), brother of William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin
- James Thomson (Pittsburgh mayor), 19th century political figure
- James Alexander Kerr Thomson (1879 - 1959), British classical scholar
- John Thomson:
- John Edgar Thomson (1808–1874), American civil engineer, railroad executive and industrialist
- John Thomson (actor) (b. 1969), a British actor and impressionist
- John Thomson (pitcher) (b. 1973), American baseball player
- John Thomson (footballer) (1909–1931), former Celtic F.C. footballer
- John Thomson (politician) (1780–1852), US Congressman from Ohio
- John Thomson (photographer), a nineteenth century Scottish photographer
- John Thomson (RAF), one of the senior officers of the Royal Air Force
- John Thomson (engineer), surveyor of the Leiper Railroad and father of John Edgar Thomson (above)
- John Thomson (physician) (1808–1884), a physician in New Brunswick, Canada
- Rev. John Thomson (minister), minister in Sutherland, Scotland, who was responsible for recording the works of the poet Rob Donn
- John Renshaw Thomson (1800–1862), US Senator from New Jersey
- Judith Jarvis Thomson, moral philosopher
- Kelvin Thomson, Australian politician
- Kenneth Thomson, 2nd Baron Thomson of Fleet (1923–2006)
- Matthew Thomson, smallbore rifle champion
- Meldrim Thomson, Jr., former New Hampshire governor
- Michael Thomson, Manitoba judge
- Peter Thomson (Australian golfer)
- Peter Nesbitt Thomson (b. 1927), Canadian businessman
- Robert Thomson (inventor) (1822–1873), Scottish inventor
- Robert James Thomson, Australian journalist
- Roy Thomson, 1st Baron Thomson of Fleet (1894–1976), Canadian newspaper and media entrepreneur, linked to The Thomson Corporation
- Roy Hendry Thomson, an eminent Aberdonian
- Tom Thomson (1877–1917), Canadian artist
- Vernon Wallace Thomson (1905–1988), American politician
- Virgil Thomson (1896–1989), American composer
- William Thomson:
- William Thomson (archbishop) (1819–1890), former Archbishop of York
- William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin (1824–1907), Irish physicist
- William John Thomson, Scottish portrait miniature artist
- Sir William Thomson (Solicitor General), Solicitor General for England and Wales 1717-1720
- William Thomson (musicologist), Scottish folk song collector
Science
- thomson (unit), a unit for mass-to-charge ratio, symbol: Th
- Thomson effect, named for William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin, which is the heating or cooling of a current-carrying conductor when a temperature gradient is present
Places
- Thomson, Georgia, a U.S. city
- Thomson, Illinois, a U.S. village
- Thomson River (Queensland), Australia
- Thomson, Singapore, an estate
- David and Mary Thomson Collegiate Institute, a high school located in Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Business
- Thomson SA, formerly known as Thomson Multimedia, a French electronics manufacturer and media services provider
- Thomson-CSF, former name for the company Thales Group
- The Thomson Corporation, a Canadian-based information services company
- Thomson Local, the UK business directory published by Thomson Directories
- Various businesses of TUI AG:
- Thomson Holidays, a UK based travel company founded by the Thomson Corporation in 1965. Now a subsidiary of TUI UK.
- Thomsonfly, a UK airline, part of TUI AG, formerly Britannia Airways
Things
- Thomson TO 7, a French microcomputer


