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In baseball statistics, a player is credited with a plate appearance (denoted by PA) each time he completes a turn batting. A player completes a turn batting when:
- He is declared out before reaching first base, or
- He reaches first base safely, or
- He hits a fair ball which causes a third out on another runner (see left on base)
(In other words, in the last two cases, he becomes a runner.) Thus, a batter does not have a plate appearance if, while he was at bat, the inning ended some other way (for example, a teammate on base is caught stealing for the third out). A batter also does not have a plate appearance in the rare instances when he is replaced by a pinch hitter after having already started his turn at bat (in such a case, the pinch hitter would receive the plate appearance). (Exception: if a batter is replaced when he already has 2 strikes, and the pinch hitter then completes the strikeout, the at-bat is charged to the 1st batter.)
PA = AB + BB + HBP + SH + SF + Times Reached on Defensive Interference
(Plate appearances = at-bats + bases on balls (i.e., walks) + hit by pitch + sacrifice hits + sacrifice flies + times reached on defensive interference) Basically, "plate appearances" = at bats + some of the scenarios excluded from at bats such as base on balls, hit by pitch, sacrifice or catcher's interference which positively affect the offensive team. In common terminology, the term "at bat" is sometimes used to mean "plate appearance" (for example, "he fouled off the ball to keep the at bat alive"). The intent is usually clear from the context, although the term "official at bat" is sometimes used to explicitly refer to an at bat as distinguished from a plate appearance. Section 10 of the official rules states what an at bat is not: "Number of times batted, except that no time at bat shall be charged when a player: (i) hits a sacrifice bunt or sacrifice fly; (ii) is awarded first base on four called balls; (iii) is hit by a pitched ball; or (iv) is awarded first base because of interference or obstruction " The main use of the plate appearance statistic is in determining a player's eligibility for leadership in some offensive statistical categories, notably batting average; currently, a player must have 3.1 PAs per game scheduled to qualify for the batting title (for the 162-game schedule, that means 502 PAs). Also, it is often erroneously cited that total plate appearances is the divisor (i.e., denominator) used in calculating on base percentage (OBP), an alternative measurement of a player's offensive performance; in reality, the OBP denominator does not include certain PAs, such as sacrifice hits and times reached via either catcher’s interference or fielder’s obstruction or base-on-balls or hit batter. Plate appearances are also used by scorers for "proving" a box score. If the game has been scored correctly, the total number of plate appearances for a team should equal the total of that team's runs, men left on base, and men put out.
