|
Allah · Oneness of God |
|
| Practices |
|
|
Timeline of Muslim history |
|
|
Qur'an · Sunnah · Hadith |
|
| Sunni · Shi'a | |
|
Academics · Animals · Art |
|
| Christianity · Jainism Judaism · Sikhism |
|
|
Islam Portal |
|
Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr (Arabic: محمد بن أبي بكر) (631–658) was the son of the first Sunni caliph, Abu Bakr and Asma bint Umais. When Abu Bakr died, Asma bint Umais married Ali ibn Abi Talib (Muhammad's cousin and son-in-law, the first Shi’a Imam, and the fourth and final Sunni caliph). Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr was only three years old at the time; he became Ali's adopted son and one of his supporters.
Contents |
Life
Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr had a son named, Qasim ibn Muhammad (not to be confused with the Islamic prophet Muhammad's son Qasim ibn Muhammad). The mother of the sixth Shi’ah Imam, Ja'far Al-Sadiq, was the daughter of Qasim ibn Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr. In 656, Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr played a prominent role in the Siege of Uthman revolt and murder of the Caliph Uthman. Muhammad was the leader of the party that laid siege to Uthman's home, according to numerous sources. Uthman was murdered, and Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr prevented his body from being buried for several days, prophetic considering the offensive manner in which Muhammad himself was killed. After the Battle of Siffin, Ali ibn Abi Talib appointed Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr as the Governor of Egypt, then a newly conquered province of the Islamic empire. In 658 CE (38 A.H.), Muawiyah I sent his general Amr ibn al-As and six thousand soldiers against Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr. Muhammad asked Ali ibn Abi Talib for help. Ali is said to have instructed his foster son to hand the governorship over to his best general and childhood friend, Malik ibn Ashter, whom he judged better capable of resisting Amr ibn al-As. However, Malik died on his way to Egypt. Shi’ahs and Wilferd Madelung believe that Malik was poisoned by Muawiyah I. Ibn Abi Bakr was easily defeated by Amr. Amr's soldiers were ordered to capture him and bring him, alive, to Muawiyah I. However, a soldier named, Muawiya ibn Hudayj, is said to have quarreled with the prisoner and killed him out of hand. Ibn Hudayj was so incensed at Ibn Abi Bakr that he put his body into the skin of a dead donkey and burned both corpses together, so that nothing should survive of his enemy The Succession to Muhammad pp. 268. However, Shi'a accounts say that the Muawiyah I who later became caliph was the actual killer of Ibn Abi Bakr Middle East & Africa to 1875632–661.
Sunni view
Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr was a pious Muslim who supported the fourth and final Rightly Guided Caliph, Ali ibn Abi Talib. He had spent considerable time in Egypt and was part of the delegation that complained about the activities of the governor of Egypt to the third Caliph Uthman ibn Affan. The Caliph promised to immediately dismiss the Egyptian governor and replace him with Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr. However, after sensing betrayal from Uthman (but actually perpetrated by Marwan ibn al-Hakam) against the Muslim petitioners from Egypt, ibn Abi Bakr rushed back with the petitioners to Madinah where he initially took part in the uprising against Uthman. After realizing his error in getting involved in the Siege of Uthman, he repented and withdrew from the uprising, although he had already led the group of rebels inside Uthman's residence.[1] The history is related as follows:
A group of seven hundred Egyptians came to complain to Caliph `Uthman about their governor Ibn Abi Sarh’s tyranny, so `Uthman said: "Choose someone to govern you." They chose Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr, so `Uthman wrote credentials for him and they returned. On their way back, at three days’ distace from Madinah, a messenger caught up with them with the news that he carried orders from `Uthman to the governor of Egypt. They searched him and found a message from `Uthman to ibn Abi Sarh ordering the death of Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr and some of his friends. They returned to Madinah and besieged `Uthman. `Uthman acknowledged that the camel, the slave, and the seal on the letter belonged to him, but he swore that he had never written nor ordered the letter to be written. It was discovered that the letter had been hand-written by Marwan ibn al-Hakam.[2]
Shi'a view
The Shi'a praise this young man for his devotion to `Ali and his resistance to a caliph the Shi'a believe to be a tyrant. Though his father Abu Bakr and his sister Aisha were considered enemies of `Ali by Shi'a, Ibn Abi Bakr was faithful to his stepfather. According to a Shi’a book:
- `Ali loved Muhammad Ibn Abi Bakr as his own son and his death was felt as another terrible shock. `Ali prayed for him, and invoked God's blessings and mercy upon his soul. [3].
See also
References
- ^ http://www.livingislam.org/n/shb_e.html
- ^ http://www.sunnah.org/publication/khulafa_rashideen/caliph3.htm
- ^ Restatement of History of Islam Death of Malik
also:
External links
- Biography
- http://www.livingislam.org/n/shb_e.html - "Nevertheless, he brought in those who killed [Uthman]!"
- http://www.hermetic.com/sabazius/mohammed.htm -Uthman became quite unpopular, and he was murdered by insurgents lead by the son of Abu Bakr, Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr, in 656 e.v
| List of Ali's companions | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Abu Dharr al-Ghifari | Khuzayma ibn Thabit | Miqdad ibn Aswad | Salman the Persian |
| Ammar ibn Yasir | Malik al-Ashtar | Habib ibn Mazahir | Kumayl ibn Ziyad |
| Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr | Sa'sa'ah ibn Suhan | Zayd ibn Suhan | Hisham ibn 'Utbah |
| Abdullah ibn Budayl | Meesam Tammar | Adi ibn Hatim | Hujr ibn Adi |
| Asbagh ibn Nubatah | al-Harith al-A'war al-Hamdani | Amr ibn al-Humq al-Khaza'i | Abdullah ibn Hashim |
| Uways al-Qarni | `Abd Allah ibn `Abbas | Abu al-Aswad al-Du'ali | Qays ibn Sa'd |
| Uthman ibn Hunaif | Mikhnaf ibn Sulaym | Sulayman ibn Surad | Jundab ibn Abdullah |
| Sulaym ibn Qays | Hamam ibn Shurayh | Abu al-Heysam ibn Tayyahan | Umm Salamah |
