Mohammad Farid (Arabic: محمد فريد) (born January 20 1868 in Cairo, died November 15 1919 in Berlin) was an influential Egyptian political figure. A nationalist leader, writer, and lawyer, Farid was the son of the director of al-Da'irah al-Saniyya (state domains administration) and belonged to a landowning family. He attended the Khalil Agha School, the Ecole des Freres, and the School of Administration. He worked as a lawyer for the Egyptian government and for the Parquet (office of the attorney general) until he was dismissed for backing Shaykh Ali Yusuf, a popular Egyptian newspaper editor who was tried for publishing secret telegrams taken from the War Ministry. Farid proceeded to open his own law office. Farid was the main political and financial supporter of Mustafa Kamil, the founder of the Egyptian National Party, and after his premature death in 1908, was elected second president of that party. He led the party in Egypt until March 1912 and then in exile until his death. He argued that the British must withdraw their army of occupation from Egypt and that only the khedive could grant a constitution to the Egyptians. He called for the spread of education and advocated social and economic reforms, especially to benefit workers. At times he sought help from the Ottoman Empire (Egypt's suzerain), notably while in exile during World War I, but he also suspected the Turks of undermining Egyptian national aims. Farid's occasional support for pan-Islam alienated Egyptian Copts. Egyptians respect Farid for his patriotic courage and self-sacrifice. His memoirs have been published in Arabic and partly in English translation and he also wrote histories of the Mohammed Ali dynasty, the Romans, and the Ottoman Empire, as well as travel diaries and numerous articles for local nationalist newspapers.
References
- Muhammad Farid: The Memoirs and Diaries of Muhammad Farid, an Egyptian Nationalist Leader (1868-1919). Edited, annotated, and translated by Arthur Goldschmidt Jr (San Francisco: Edwin Mellen Press, 1992).
- Arthur Goldschmidt Jr. Biographical Dictionary of Modern Egypt (Boulder: Lynne Rienner, 2000). pp. 53-54.
