Maximilian or Maximillian (sometimes Maximilia) is a name of Latin origin meaning "greatest." It may refer to:
Saints
- Maximilian (martyr), a 3rd century Christian martyr
- Maximilian of Lorch, a Christian bishop and martyr
- Maximilian of Antioch, a Christian martyr under Julian the Apostate
- Maximilian Kolbe, 20th century Christian martyr
Monarchs
- Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor
- Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor
- Maximilianus Transylvanus (Maximilian von Sevenborg), sixteenth-century author.
- Maximilian I, Duke of Bavaria
- Maximilian II Emanuel, Elector of Bavaria
- Maximilian III, Elector of Bavaria
- Maximilian I of Bavaria
- Maximilian II of Bavaria
- Prince Maximilian of Baden
- Maximilian I of Mexico, Emperor of Mexico
Other bearers of the first name Maximilian were:
- Maximilian Schell, an actor
- Maximillian or Max Schmeling, a German boxer
- Maximilian Robespierre, a figure in the French Revolution
- Maximillian Arturo, a fictional character on Sliders
- Maximillian (robot), a robot from the 1979 Disney motion picture, The Black Hole
- Maximillian, the main character in the Playstation 2 video game Dark Cloud 2


