Maragheh (Marāghé or Marāgha, Persian: مراغه Azeri: Mərağa) is a city in Northern Iran on the bank of the river Safi Chay. It is located in East Azarbaijan Province at , 130 km from Tabriz and has a population of 300,000.[1] Maragheh is an ancient city situated in a narrow valley running nearly north and south at the eastern extremity of a well-cultivated plain opening towards Lake Urmia, which lies 30 km to the west. The town is encompassed by a high wall ruined in many places, and has four gates. Two stone bridges in good condition, said to have been constructed during the reign of Hulaku Khan (1217-1265), who made Maragheh the capital of the Ilkhanate Empire. Shortly thereafter it became the seat of the Church of the East Patriarch Mar Yaballaha III. The place is surrounded by extensive vineyards and orchards, all well watered by canals led from the river, and producing great quantities of fruit. The hills west of the town consist of horizontal strata of sandstone covered with irregular pieces of basalt. One of the famous burial towers, the Gonbad-e-Kabud (Blue Tower, 1197) is decorated with decorative patterns resembling Penrose tiles. Its marble, which is known throughout Iran as Maragha marble, is a travertine obtained at the village of Dashkasan near Azarshahr about 50 km north-west from Maragheh. It is deposited from water, which bubbles up from a number of springs in the form of horizontal layers, which at first are thin crusts and can easily be broken, but gradually solidify and harden into blocks with a thickness of about 20 cm. It is a singularly beautiful substance, being of pink, greenish, or milk-white color, streaked with reddish copper-colored veins. It is exported and sold worldwide under such names as Azarshar Red or Yellow.
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Maragha observatory
On a hill west of the town are the remains of the famous Maragheh observatory called Rasad Khaneh, constructed under the direction Hulaku Khan for Nasir al-Din al-Tusi. The building, which no doubt served as a citadel as well, enclosed a space of 340 by 135 meters, and the foundations of the walls were 13 to 2 meters in thickness. The observations were compiled in the Zij-i Ilkhani, which influenced Copernicus. The remans inspired Ulugh Beg to construct his observatory in Samarkand
Famous people from Maraģa
- Ala'uddin Qizil Arslan (†1191), ruler of Maragha, Nezami dedicated to him the "Haft Paikar"
- Mo'ayyeduddin Urdi (d. 1266), developed the Urdi lemma later used in the Copernican model
- Nasir al-Din al-Tusi, developed the Tusi-couple later used in the Copernican model
- 'Umar al-Katibi al-Qazwini (d. 1277), described a heliocentric model
- Qutb al-Din al-Shirazi (1236-1311), discussed the possibility of heliocentrism
- Sadr al-Sharia al-Bukhari (c. 1347)
- Ibn al-Shatir (1304-1375), his reformation of the geocentric model was later used in the Copernican model
- A'bd alqader ibn Ghaibi al Hafiz al Maraghi († 1434)
- Ali al-Qushji (d. 1474)
- Shams al-Din al-Khafri (16th century), the last major astronomer of Maragha
- Mohammad Sa'ed (1883-1973), Prime Minister of Iran
- Bulut Qarachorlu (1907-1979), Azeri poet
- Dr. Moshen Hashtroodi, mathematician
- Maragei Ovhedi, Azeri poet
- Zayn al-’Abedin Maraghe’i
- Dakhil, Mullah Hosein of Maraghe
References
- E. Makovicky (1992): 800-year-old pentagonal tiling from Maragha, Iran, and the new varieties of aperiodic tiling it inspired. In: I. Hargittai, editor: Fivefold Symmetry, pp.67-86. World Scientific, Singapore-London
- Peter J. Lu and Paul J. Steinhardt: Decagonal and Quasi-crystalline Tilings in Medieval Islamic Architecture, Science 315 (2007) 1106-1110
