Lymphadenopathy
About 5 pages (1,530 words)
Lymphadenopathy is a term meaning "disease of the lymph nodes ." When the infection is of the lymph nodes themselves, it is called lymphadenitis , but when the infection is of the lymph channels, it is called lymphangitis
Associated conditions Enlarged lymph nodes are a common symptom in a number of infectious and cancerous diseases. It is a recognized symptom of many diseases, which include:
Patterns of Benign (Reactive) Lymphadenopathy There are three distinct patterns of benign lymphadenopathy:
Follicular hyperplasia. Seen in infections, autoimmune disorders, and nonspecific reactions.
Paracortical hyperplasia. Seen in viral infections, skin diseases, and nonspecific reactions.
Sinus histiocytosis. Seen in lymph nodes draining limbs, inflammatory lesions, and malignancies.
Bihilar lymphadenopathy Bihilar lymphadenopathy is a radiographic term that describes the enlargement of mediastinal lymph nodes. It is easily and most commonly identified by a chest x-ray . The causes can divide into the four commonest:
Less common causes include:
References
^ Understanding and Preventing AIDS: A Book for Everyone .
Circulatory system pathology (I , 390-459 )
Hypertension Hypertensive heart disease - Hypertensive nephropathy - Secondary hypertension (Renovascular hypertension )
Ischaemic heart disease Angina pectoris (Prinzmetal's angina ) - Myocardial infarction - Dressler's syndrome
Pulmonary circulation Pulmonary embolism - Cor pulmonale
Pericardium Pericarditis - Pericardial effusion - Cardiac tamponade
Endocardium /heart valves Endocarditis - mitral valves regurgitation , prolapse , stenosis ) - aortic valves stenosis , insufficiency ) - pulmonary valves stenosis , insufficiency ) - tricuspid valves stenosis , insufficiency )
Myocardium Myocarditis - Cardiomyopathy (Dilated cardiomyopathy , Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy , Loeffler endocarditis , Restrictive cardiomyopathy ) - Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia
Electrical conduction system Heart block : AV block First degree , Second degree , Third degree ) - Bundle branch block (Left , Right ) - Bifascicular block - Trifascicular block Pre-excitation syndrome (Wolff-Parkinson-White , Lown-Ganong-Levine ) - Long QT syndrome - Adams-Stokes syndrome - Cardiac arrest - Sudden cardiac death Arrhythmia : Paroxysmal tachycardia (Supraventricular , AV nodal reentrant , Ventricular ) - Atrial flutter - Atrial fibrillation - Ventricular fibrillation - Premature contraction (Atrial , Ventricular ) - Ectopic pacemaker - Sick sinus syndrome
Other heart conditions
Heart failure - Cardiovascular disease - Cardiomegaly - Ventricular hypertrophy (Left , Right )
Cerebrovascular diseases Intracranial hemorrhage /cerebral hemorrhage : Extra-axial hemorrhage (Epidural hemorrhage , Subdural hemorrhage , Subarachnoid hemorrhage )Intra-axial hematoma (Intraventricular hemorrhages , Intraparenchymal hemorrhage ) - Anterior spinal artery syndrome - Binswanger's disease - Moyamoya disease
Arteries , arterioles capillaries Atherosclerosis (Renal artery stenosis ) - Aortic dissection /Aortic aneurysm (Abdominal aortic aneurysm ) - Aneurysm - Raynaud's phenomenon /Raynaud's disease - Buerger's disease - Vasculitis /Arteritis (Aortitis ) - Intermittent claudication - Arteriovenous fistula - Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia - Spider angioma
Veins , lymphatic vessels lymph nodes Thrombosis /Phlebitis /Thrombophlebitis (Deep vein thrombosis , May-Thurner syndrome , Portal vein thrombosis , Venous thrombosis , Budd-Chiari syndrome , Renal vein thrombosis , Paget-Schroetter disease ) - Varicose veins / Portacaval anastomosis (Hemorrhoid , Esophageal varices , Varicocele , Gastric varices , Caput medusae ) - Superior vena cava syndrome - Lymph (Lymphadenitis , Lymphedema , Lymphangitis )
Other
Hypotension (Orthostatic hypotension )
See also congenital (Q20-Q28 , 745-747 )
Diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue (integumentary system ) (L , 680-709 )
Infections Staphylococcus Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome , Impetigo , Boil , Carbuncle ) - Cellulitis (Paronychia ) - Acute lymphadenitis - Pilonidal cyst - Corynebacterium Erythrasma )
Bullous disordersPemphigus - Pemphigoid (Bullous pemphigoid ) - Dermatitis herpetiformis
Dermatitis and eczema Atopic dermatitis - Seborrhoeic dermatitis (Dandruff , Cradle cap ) - Diaper rash - Urushiol-induced contact dermatitis - Contact dermatitis - Erythroderma - Lichen simplex chronicus - Prurigo nodularis - Itch - Pruritus ani - Nummular dermatitis - Dyshidrosis - Pityriasis alba
Papulosquamous disorders Psoriasis (Psoriatic arthritis ) - Parapsoriasis (Pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta , Pityriasis lichenoides chronica ) - Pityriasis rosea - Lichen planus - Pityriasis rubra pilaris - Lichen nitidus
Urticaria and erythema Urticaria (Dermatographic urticaria , Cholinergic urticaria ) - Erythema (Erythema multiforme , Stevens-Johnson syndrome , Toxic epidermal necrolysis , Erythema nodosum , Erythema annulare centrifugum , Erythema marginatum )
Radiation -related disordersSunburn - Actinic keratosis - Polymorphous light eruption - Radiodermatitis - Erythema ab igne
Disorders of skin appendages
nail disease :Ingrown nail - Onychogryposis - Beau's lines - Yellow nail syndrome
hair loss :Alopecia areata (Alopecia totalis , Alopecia universalis , Ophiasis ) - Androgenic alopecia - Telogen effluvium - Traction alopecia - Lichen planopilaris - Trichorrhexis nodosa other follicular disorders: Hypertrichosis (Hirsutism ) - Acne vulgaris - Rosacea (Perioral dermatitis , Rhinophyma ) - follicular cysts (Epidermoid cyst , Sebaceous cyst , Steatocystoma multiplex ) - Pseudofolliculitis barbae - Hidradenitis suppurativa
sweat disorders: eccrine Miliaria , Anhidrosis ) - apocrine Body odor , Chromhidrosis , Fox-Fordyce disease )
Other
pigmentation (Vitiligo , Melasma , Freckle , Café au lait spot , Lentigo /Liver spot ) - Seborrheic keratosis - Acanthosis nigricans - Callus - Pyoderma gangrenosum - Bedsore - Keloid - Granuloma annulare - Necrobiosis lipoidica - Granuloma faciale - Lupus erythematosus - Morphea - Calcinosis cutis - Sclerodactyly - Ainhum - Livedoid vasculitis
see also congenital (Q80-Q84 , 757 )
Symptoms and signs (R00-R69 , 780-789 )
Circulatory andrespiratory systems Tachycardia - Bradycardia - Palpitation - Heart murmur - Epistaxis - Hemoptysis - Cough - abnormalities of breathing (Dyspnea , Orthopnoea , Stridor , Wheeze , Cheyne-Stokes respiration , Hyperventilation , Mouth breathing , Hiccup , Bradypnea , Hypoventilation ) - Chest pain - Asphyxia - Pleurisy - Respiratory arrest - Sputum - Bruit /Carotid bruit - Rales
Digestive system and abdomen Abdominal pain (Acute abdomen ) - Nausea /Vomiting - Heartburn - Dysphagia - flatulence and relatedAbdominal distension , Bloating , Burping , Tympanites ) - Fecal incontinence (Encopresis ) - hepatosplenomegaly Hepatomegaly , Splenomegaly ) - Jaundice - Ascites - Fecal occult blood - Halitosis
Skin and subcutaneous tissuedisturbances of skin sensation (Hypoesthesia , Paresthesia , Hyperesthesia ) - Rash - Cyanosis - Pallor - Flushing - Petechia - Desquamation - Induration - Diaphoresis
Nervous andmusculoskeletal systems abnormal involuntary movements (Tremor , Spasm , Fasciculation , Athetosis ) - Gait abnormality - lack of coordination (Ataxia , Dysmetria , Dysdiadochokinesia , Hypotonia ) - Tetany - Meningism - Hyperreflexia
Urinary system Renal colic - Dysuria - Vesical tenesmus - Urinary incontinence - Urinary retention - Oliguria - Polyuria - Nocturia - Extravasation of urine - Extrarenal uremia
Cognition , perception ,emotional state and behaviour Anxiety - Somnolence - Coma - Amnesia (Anterograde amnesia , Retrograde amnesia ) - Dizziness /Vertigo - smell and taste (Anosmia , Ageusia , Parosmia , Parageusia )
Speech and voice speech disturbances Dysphasia , Aphasia , Dysarthria ) - symbolic dysfunctions (Dyslexia , Alexia , Agnosia , Apraxia , Acalculia , Agraphia ) - voice disturbances Dysphonia , Aphonia )
General symptoms and signs
Fever (Hyperpyrexia ) - Headache - Chronic pain - Malaise /Fatigue (Asthenia , Debility ) - Fainting (Vasovagal syncope ) - Febrile seizure - Shock (Cardiogenic shock ) - Lymphadenopathy - Edema (Peripheral edema , Anasarca ) - Hyperhidrosis (Sleep hyperhidrosis ) - Delayed milestone - Failure to thrive - Short stature (Idiopathic ) - food and fluid intake (Anorexia , Polydipsia , Polyphagia ) - Cachexia - Xerostomia - Clubbing
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