Luis Enríquez de Guzmán, conde de Alba de Liste

Luis Enríquez de Guzmán, 9th Count of Alba de Liste and Marquis of Villaflor (Spanish: Luis Enríquez de Guzmán, noveno conde de Alba de Liste y marqués de Villaflor; also sometimes, Luis Henríquez de Guzmán, conde de Alba de Aliste) (born c. 1605) was viceroy of New Spain from June 28, 1650 to August 14, 1653 and thereafter viceroy of Peru, from February 24, 1655 to December 31, 1661).

In Spain

Luis Enríquez de Guzmán was the ninth conde de Alba de Liste. He was a lieutenant and police officer in Zamora and mayor of Sacas. He also held other posts in government service, and was made a knight commenader in the Order of Calatrava.

In New Spain

He was named viceroy of New Spain on May 28, 1648, under King Philip IV of Spain. He arrived in Chapultepec, near Mexico City, on June 27, 1650, and the following day received his office from the Audiencia. Nevertheless, his actual government didn't begin until July 3, when he made his official entrance into Mexico City. His main accomplishment as viceroy was to reform the colony's treasury. He took the collection of tributes and sales taxes from the royal officials and established instead two tribunals to oversee the taxes. This resulted in a considerable increase in revenue, most of which was sent to Spain to relieve the dire financial straits of Philip IV.

Viceroy Luis Enríquez de Guzmán

Other events during his tenure included the following. A heated dispute broke out between Juan de Palafox y Mendoza, bishop of Puebla and the Audiencia over whether the bishop could display an emblem of his office publicly on the facade of the cathedral in Puebla. A large fire broke out in the Palace of Cortés. And the legendary Monja Alférez died in Veracruz. The Tarahumara Indians had been in revolt in the mountains of Chihuahua for several years. They had killed several Franciscan friars, one Jesuit, and some soldiers. They had sacked and leveled some Spanish villages. The viceroy ordered the governor of Durango to establish a presidio at Papigóchic, and he sent troops there to deal with the insurrection. However, the rebels destroyed the fort and continued their pillaging. The Spaniards eventually caught the leader of the rebel, Teporaca. He was hung from a tree. He died "spouting curses against the Spanish and against the cowards in his own force, who had surrendered him". Thereafter the revolt collapsed. In 1651 and 1652 there was famine in Yucatán. The Indians hid their seeds from the Spanish, but to no effect. They also suffered frightful hunger.

In Peru

As a reward for the large quantity of money he had sent back to Spain, on February 22, 1653 he was named viceroy of Peru. In order to tie up affairs in New Spain, he delayed his departure until August of that year. He took office in Peru on February 24, 1655, and served until December 31, 1661. In 1657 he founded the Nautical Academy of the colony, at the Hospital of Espiritu Santo in Lima. There had been a royal mint in Lima briefly, with the king's permission, beginning in 1565, but it was soon closed. Now because of a shortage of coinage, Enríquez de Guzmán ordered it reopened, but without the royal authority to do so. It produced coins of 1/4, 1/2, 1, 2, 4 and 8 reales and 8 escudos from December 11, 1658 to April 1660. These were known as Estrellas de Lima (Stars of Lima). Surviving examples are very rare.

References

• (Spanish) García Puron, Manuel, México y sus gobernantes, v. 1. Mexico City: Joaquín Porrua, 1984.
• (Spanish) Orozco Linares, Fernando, Gobernantes de México. Mexico City: Panorama Editorial, 1985, ISBN 968-38-0260-5.

External links

• (Spanish) History of the royal mint