| Lists of people |
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| By belief |
| By nationality |
| By occupation |
| By office held |
| By prize won |
These are lists of incumbents, i.e. lists of people in various offices and positions, including heads of states or of subnational entities. A historical discipline, archontology, focuses on the study of past and current incumbents. Current incumbents may also be found in the countries' articles (main article and "Politics of") and the list of national leaders, recent changes in 2007 in politics, and past leaders on State leaders by year and Colonial governors by year. Various articles group lists by title, function or topic: e.g. abdication, assassinated persons, cabinet, chancellor, ex-monarchs (20th century), head of government, head of state, lieutenant governor, mayor, military commanders, minister (and ministers by portfolio below), order of precedence, peerage, president, prime minister, Reichstag participants (1792), Secretary of State.
Contents |
Heads of international organizations
- President of the European Commission
- United Nations Secretary-General
- United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
- International Monetary Fund Managing Directors
- Director-General of the World Trade Organization
- NATO Secretaries General
- FIFA presidents
- International Olympic Committee Presidents
Heads of state or government
- See also: List of national leaders and State leaders by year
Africa
Eastern Africa
- Burundi: Rulers of Burundi
- Comoros:
- Djibouti: Rulers of Djibouti
- Eritrea: Rulers of Eritrea
- Ethiopia: Rulers of Ethiopia
- Kenya: Rulers of Kenya
- Madagascar: Rulers of Madagascar
- Malawi (former Nyassaland)
- Mauritius
- Mozambique
- Rwanda
- Seychelles
- Somalia
- Tanzania
- Uganda
- Zambia
- Zimbabwe
Middle Africa
- Angola
- Heads of state of Angola (see also: Presidents of Angola with information specific to that post)
- Heads of government of Angola (see also: Prime Minister of Angola with information specific to that post)
- List of current Angolan ministers
- Colonial heads of Angola
- Cameroon
- Central African Republic
- Chad
- Heads of state of Chad
- Heads of government of Chad
- Colonial heads of Chad
- Kanem-Bornu emperors, see Kanem-Bornu Empire
- Congo, Democratic Republic of the (Zaire/'Congo-Kinshasa')
- Congo, Republic of the (Congo-Brazzaville)
- Equatorial Guinea
- Gabon
- São Tomé and Príncipe
Northern Africa
- Algeria
- Heads of state of Algeria
- Heads of government of Algeria (see also: Prime Ministers of Algeria with information specific to that post)
- Colonial heads of Algeria
- Mauretania: Kings of Mauretania
- Numidia: Kings of Numidia
- Hammadid dynasty
- Rustamid dynasty
- Ziyanid dynasty
- Egypt
- Rulers and heads of state of Egypt
- Heads of government of Egypt
- Colonial heads of Egypt
- Rulers of modern Egypt
- Pharaohs
- Egyptian dynasties
- Bahri dynasty of Egypt
- Burji dynasty of Egypt
- Ayyubid dynasty
- Fatimid Caliphs, see Fatimid
- Libya
- Morocco
- Kings of Morocco
- Heads of Government of Morocco
- Marinid dynasty
- Almohad dynasty
- Almoravid dynasty of Morocco
- Banu Isam kings
- Kings of Berghouata
- Kings of Nekor, see Kingdom of Nekor
- Sudan (formerly Anglo-Egyptian -)
- Presidents of Sudan
- Prime Ministers of Sudan
- Presidents of Southern Sudan
- Vice-Presidents of Southern Sudan
- Kings of Makuria, see Makuria
- Kings of Sennar, see Kingdom of Sennar
- Kush
- Tunisia
- Beys of Tunis
- Presidents of Tunisia
- Carthage: Kings of Carthage
- Aghlabid dynasty
- Hafsid dynasty
- Zirid dynasty of Tunisia
Southern Africa
- Botswana (former Bechuanaland)
- Lesotho
- Namibia
- South Africa
- List of Zulu kings
- Governors-General of South Africa
- President of South Africa
- Prime Ministers of South Africa
- Heads of State of Bophuthatswana
- Heads of State of Ciskei
- Heads of State of Transkei
- Heads of Government of Transkei
- Heads of State of Venda
- Chief Ministers of Gazankulu
- Chief Ministers of KwaNdebele
- Chief Ministers of KaNgwane
- Chief Ministers of KwaZulu
- Chief Ministers of Lebowa
- Chief Ministers of QwaQwa
- Swaziland
Western Africa
- Benin (former Dahomey)
- Heads of state of Benin
- Heads of government of Benin
- Colonial heads of Benin (Dahomey and Porto-Novo)
- Bariba (Borgu) states
- Berba states
- Ewe states
- Fon states
- Gurmanche states
- Mahi states
- Yoruba states
- Burkina Faso (former Upper Volta)
- Heads of state of Burkina Faso
- Heads of government of Burkina Faso (see also: Prime Minister of Burkina Faso with information specific to that post)
- Colonial heads of Burkina Faso (Upper Volta)
- Mossi States:-
- Rulers of the Mossi state of Gurunsi
- Rulers of the Mossi state of Gwiriko
- Rulers of the Mossi state of Liptako
- Rulers of the Mossi state of Tenkodogo
- Rulers of the Mossi state of Wogodogo
- Rulers of the Mossi state of Yatenga
- Rulers of the Gurma Mossi state of Bilanga
- Rulers of the Gurma Mossi state of Bilayanga
- Rulers of the Gurma Mossi state of Bongandini
- Rulers of the Gurma Mossi state of Con
- Rulers of the Gurma Mossi state of Kuala
- Rulers of the Gurma Mossi state of Macakoali
- Rulers of the Gurma Mossi state of Nungu
- Rulers of the Gurma Mossi state of Pama
- Rulers of the Gurma Mossi state of Piela
- Cameroon
- Heads of state of Cameroon
- Prime Minister and Head of Government of Cameroon
- Political leaders of Cameroon
- Cape Verde
- Heads of state of Cape Verde
- Heads of government of Cape Verde (see also: Prime Minister of Cape Verde with information specific to that post)
- Colonial heads of Cape Verde
- Côte d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast)
- The Gambia
- Ghana: Rulers of Ghana
- Guinea
- Guinea-Bissau
- Liberia
- Mali (former French Sudan)
- Heads of State of Mali
- Heads of Government of Mali
- Colonial Heads of Mali
- Emperors of Mali, see Mali Empire
- Kings of Mali, see Mansa
- Songhai emperors, see Songhai Empire
- Mauritania
- Niger
- Nigeria
- Senegal
- Sierra Leone
- Togo
Americas
Caribbean
- Antigua and Barbuda
- Bahamas
- Barbados
- Cuba
- Dominica
- Dominican Republic
- Grenada
- Haiti
- Jamaica
- Saint Kitts and Nevis
- Saint Lucia
- Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
- Trinidad and Tobago
Central America
- Belize
- Governors-General of Belize
- Prime Ministers of Belize
- Maya rulers of Caracol, see Caracol
- Costa Rica
- El Salvador
- Guatemala
- Presidents of Guatemala
- Maya rulers of Tikal, see Tikal
- Honduras
- Presidents of Honduras
- Maya kings of Xukpi, see Copán
- Nicaragua
- Panama
North America
- Canada
- Mexico
- Presidents of Mexico
- Aztec emperors, see Hueyi Tlatoani
- Maya rulers of Calakmul, see Calakmul
- Maya rulers of Palenque, see Palenque
- Maya rulers of Tonina, see Tonina
- Toltec rulers
- Viceroys of New Spain
- United States
South America
- Argentina
- Bolivia
- Brazil
- Chile
- Colombia
- Ecuador
- Guyana
- Uruguay
- Paraguay
- Peru
- Presidents of Peru
- Incan emperors, see Inca Empire
- Viceroys of Peru
- Suriname
- Venezuela
Asia
Central Asia
- Kazakhstan
- Göktürk kagans
- Kyrgyzstan
- Khans of Kara-Khitai, see Kara-Khitan Khanate
- Tajikistan
Eastern Asia
- China & dependencies
- Chinese sovereigns
- Table of Chinese monarchs
- People's Republic of China
- President of the People's Republic of China
- Premier of the People's Republic of China
- Hong Kong
- Governor of Hong Kong (under British rule, now replaced by Chief Executive)
- Chief Executive of Hong Kong
- Macau
- Governor of Macau (under Portuguese rule, now replaced by Chief Executive)
- Chief Executive of Macau
- Republic of China (Taiwan)
- President of the Republic of China
- Premier of the Republic of China
- Governors and Chairpersons of Taiwan, see Taiwan Province
- Tibet
- The Table of Chinese monarchs China
- List of kings of Tibet China
- Japan
- Rulers of Japan (Emperors, Regents, Shoguns and Prime Ministers)
- Emperors of Japan
- Prime Minister of Japan
- Ashikaga shogunate
- Kamakura shogunate
- Tokugawa shogunate
- List of Emperors of Japan
- Mongolia
- Korea
- Taiwan (Republic of China)
- See China entry above.
Southeastern Asia
- Brunei
- Cambodia
- King of Cambodia
- Khmer emperors, see Khmer Empire
- Indonesia
- Presidents of Indonesia
- Kings of Mataram, see Kingdom of Mataram
- Malaysia
- Yang di-Pertuan Agong
- Prime Ministers of Malaysia
- Sultans of Malacca, see Sultanate of Malacca
- Philippines
- Spanish Royal Governor of the Philippines
- American Governor-General of the Philippines
- Presidents of the Philippines
- Datus, Rajas, and Sultans of the Philippine Islands, see Sultanate of Sulu and History of the Philippines
- Singapore
- Thailand
- Prime Ministers of Thailand
- Kings of Thailand
- Chakri dynasty
- Kings of Ayutthaya, see Ayutthaya kingdom
- Kings of Haripunchai, see Haripunchai
- Kings of Lanna, see Lanna
- Kings of Sukhothai, see Sukhothai kingdom
- Vietnam
- Vietnamese dynasties
- Nguyen Dynasty
- Prime Minister of Vietnam
- Kings of Vietnam, see History of Vietnam
- Ly Dynasty
Southern Asia
Western Asia
- Armenia
- Cyprus
- Georgia
- Iraq
- Israel
- Jordan (formerly Transjordan)
- Kuwait
- Lebanon
- Oman (formerly Muscat (and Oman))
- Qatar
- Saudi Arabia
- Syria
- Presidents of Syria
- Prime Ministers of Syria
- Kings of Syria
- Rulers of Damascus
- Zengid dynasty
- Princes of Antioch
- Emirs of Shaizar
- Ghassanid kings
- Rulers of Aleppo
- Hanilgalbat: Kings of Hanilgabat, see Hanilgalbat and Mitanni
- Kings of Ugarit
- Turkey / Ottoman Empire
- List of Ottoman Sultans
- Presidents of Turkey
- Prime Ministers of Turkey
- Pretenders of the Ottoman Empire
- Monarchs of the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia
- Marwanid dynasty
- Seljuk sultans of Rüm
- Kings of Arzawa
- Kings of Diaokhi
- Kings of Bithynia
- Kings of Cappadocia
- Kings of Galatia
- Kings of the Hittites
- Kings of Kommagene
- Kings of Lydia
- Osroene
- Attalid Kings of Pergamon
- Kings of Urartu
- Counts of Edessa
- Byzantine Emperors
- Latin Emperors of Constantinople
- United Arab Emirates
- Yemen
Europe
Eastern Europe
Northern Europe
- Denmark
- Danish monarchs
- Prime Ministers of Denmark
- List of dubious Danish kings
- Faroe Islands
- Faroese monarchs
- Prime Ministers of the Faroe Islands
- Guvernor of the Faroe Islands
- Greenland
- Prime Ministers of Greenland
- Governors of Greenland
- Inspectors of Greenland
- Estonia
- Finland
- Iceland
- Presidents of Iceland
- Prime Ministers of Iceland
- Icelandic rulers
- List of lawspeakers, see Lawspeaker
- Ireland: Rulers of Ireland
- Latvia
- Lithuania
- Norway
- Sweden
Southern Europe
- Albania
- Andorra
- Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Bulgaria
- Croatia
- Greece: Rulers of Greece
- Italy: Rulers of Italy
- Malta
- Montenegro
- Portugal
- San Marino
- Serbia
- Slovenia
- Spain
- Vatican City
Western Europe
- Austria
- Rulers of Austria
- Emperors of Austria
- Foreign Ministers of Austria-Hungary
- Ministers-President of Austria
- Federal Presidents of Austria
- Chancellors of Austria (Vice Chancellors of Austria)
- Habsburg
- Babenberg
- Margraves, dukes, and archdukes of Austria
- Dukes of Styria, see Styria (duchy)
- Dukes of Carinthia, see Carinthia (duchy)
- Belgium
- France: Rulers of France
- Germany: Rulers of Germany
- Liechtenstein
- Luxembourg
- Monaco
- Netherlands
- Dutch monarchy
- Prime Ministers of the Netherlands
- Governors of the Habsburg Netherlands
- Low Countries (Netherlands, Belgium):
- Rulers of East Frisia
- Rulers of Frisia
- Prince of Orange
- Duke of Brabant
- Lords and margraves of Bergen op Zoom
- Dukes and counts of Guelders
- Duke of Lower Lorraine
- Count of Bouillon
- Count of Flanders
- Count of Hainaut
- Count of Holland
- Counts of Leuven
- Bishop of Utrecht
- Marquis of Namur
- Switzerland
- Members of the Swiss Federal Council
- Presidents of the Confederation
- Heads of the Department of Defence, Civil Protection and Sports, see Military of Switzerland
- Heads of the Department of Foreign Affairs: see International relations of Switzerland
- Heads of the Department of Home Affairs
- Heads of the Federal Department of Finance
- Heads of the Federal Department of Environment, Transport, Energy and Communications
- Heads of the Federal Department of Economic Affairs
- Heads of the Federal Department of Justice and Police
- Federal Chancellors of Switzerland
- Presidents of the Swiss National Council
- Presidents of the Swiss Council of States
- Members of the Swiss National Council
- Members of the Swiss Council of States
- Chief Justices of the Swiss Supreme Court
- Presidents of the Swiss Diet (before 1848)
- 2005 office-holders in Switzerland
- Members of the Swiss Federal Council
Oceania
Australasia
Melanesia
- Fiji
- Chairmen of Fiji's Great Council of Chiefs
- Chief Justice of Fiji
- Colonial Governors of Fiji
- Fijian Heads of State
- Foreign Ministers of Fiji
- Governors-General of Fiji
- House of Representatives of Fiji - current membership (2004)
- Ministers for Fijian Affairs
- Presidents of Fiji
- Prime Ministers of Fiji
- Senate of Fiji - current membership (2004)
- Speakers of the Fijian House of Representatives
- Vice-Presidents of Fiji
- Papua New Guinea
Micronesia
- Nauru
- Presidents of Nauru, see Politics of Nauru
Polynesia
- Cook Islands
- Samoa
- Samoan Heads of State
- List of Rulers of Samoa
- Members of the Council of Deputies of Samoa
- Prime Ministers of Samoa
- Chief Justice of Samoa
- Finance Ministers of Samoa
- Foreign Affairs Ministers of Samoa
- Health Ministers of Samoa
- Education Ministers of Samoa
- Public Works Ministers of Samoa
- Fono Aoao Faitulafono o Samoa - current membership (2006)
Other lists
Ministers by portfolio
- Defence minister
- List of ministers of the environment
- Finance minister
- Foreign minister
- Interior minister
Municipal leaders
Religious leaders
- See also: Religious leaders by year
Christian
- List of Patriarchs, Archbishops and Bishops
- Current Patriarchs
- Roman Catholic:
- Catholic Popes
- Grand Masters of the Teutonic Knights
- Grand Masters of the Knights Templar
- Grand Masters of the Knights Hospitaller
- Grand Masters of the Livonian Brothers of the Sword
- Several denominations:
Judaism
- Chief Rabbis
- Chief Rabbis of Israel
Islam
Buddhist
- Dalai Lama
- Supreme Patriarch of Thailand
- Supreme Patriarch of Cambodia
- Supreme Patriarch of Laos
Others
External links
- Archontology, by Oleg Schultz
- Rulers, by B. Schemmel - detailed lists (including regional and religious leaders) from 1700.
- States and Regents of the World, by Bob Hilkens
- World Statesmen, by Ben Cahoon
- World Political Leaders, by Roberto Ortiz de Zárate
- Worldwide Guide to Women in Leadership, by Martin Iversen Christensen
- World Rulers: Heads of State and Prime Ministers, by Enno Schulz
- Guide and Index to Lists of Rulers, by Kelley L. Ross - lists of incumbents including historical analysis of their eras.
- Regnal Chronologies, by Bruce R. Gordon
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